-30℃电动汽车补气式CO2热泵制热性能实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20221508

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高极寒环境下电动汽车热泵的供热性能，搭建了二次节流闪发的中间补气式CO₂热泵实验台架，并开展了车外-30℃工况下的制热性能研究。实验结果显示，车内进风温度20℃时，无补气系统的排气温度达到176.1℃，通过中间补气排气温度降低了30.7℃，且制冷剂总流量的增加与气冷器侧压力的升高使制热量和COP分别提升了74.1%和43.9%。控制车内进风温度由0℃升高至20℃，补气系统的出风温度从11.9℃升高到32.7℃，但制热量降低了3%，系统能耗增加了43.2%，COP从2.14下降到1.45。随着进风温度的升高，补气热泵循环逐步从亚临界变为跨临界，排气温度和压力均增大，但排气焓值基本不变。

关键词: 电动汽车, 补气热泵, CO₂, 制热性能, 进风温度

Abstract:

To improve the heating performance of electric vehicle heat pumps in extremely cold environments, an experimental bench of the vapor-injection CO₂ heat pump with a flash tank was built and the heating performance under the working conditions of -30℃ was studied in this paper. The experimental results show that when the inlet air temperature is 20℃, the discharge temperature of the no vapor-injection system reaches 176.1℃, and the discharge temperature is reduced by 30.7℃ through the injected refrigerant vapor, and the increase in the total refrigerant flow rate and the pressure of the gas cooler increase the heating capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) by 74.1% and 43.9%, respectively. The inlet air temperature is controlled to increase from 0℃ to 20℃, and the outlet air temperature of the vapor-injection system is increased from 11.9℃ to 32.7℃, but the heating capacity is reduced by 3%, the energy consumption is increased by 43.2%, and the COP is reduced from 2.14 to 1.45. With the increase of the inlet air temperature, the vapor-injection heat pump cycle gradually changes from subcritical to transcritical, and the discharge temperature and pressure increase, but the discharge enthalpy is unchanged.

Key words: electric vehicles, vapor-injection heat pump, CO₂, heating performance, inlet air temperature

中图分类号:

U 469.72

杨天阳, 邹慧明, 周晖, 王春磊, 田长青. -30℃电动汽车补气式CO₂热泵制热性能实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 272-279.

Tianyang YANG, Huiming ZOU, Hui ZHOU, Chunlei WANG, Changqing TIAN. Experimental investigation on heating performance of vapor-injection CO₂ heat pump for electric vehicles at -30℃[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 272-279.

图/表 11

图1 采用闪发罐的补气式电动汽车CO2热泵系统原理图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of CO2 heat pump system with a flash tank for electric vehicles

图2 采用闪发罐的中间补气式CO2热泵实验台

Fig.2 The experimental bench of the vapor-injection CO2 heat pump with a flash tank

表1 补气式CO2热泵系统主要部件参数

Table 1 Parameters of main components of the vapor-injection CO2 heat pump system

部件	参数
压缩机	形式：双转子式中间补气压缩机
	排量：8.0 cm³/r
	频率范围：80~166 Hz
车外换热器	类型和材料：微通道平行流换热器，铝
	尺寸：628 mm × 317 mm × 16 mm
	设计：两流程，16-15
车内气冷器	类型和材料：微通道平行流换热器，铝
	尺寸：160 mm × 140 mm × 32 mm
	设计：四流程，8-7-7-8
中间换热器	类型和材料：板式换热器，316不锈钢
	尺寸：425 mm × 203 mm × 42 mm
	板片数量：12
闪发罐	材料：铝
闪发罐	尺寸：Φ76 mm × 32 mm
EEV1	开度控制：0~5 V直流电压控制0~576步进电机
EEV2	开度控制：0~5 V直流电压控制0~1012步进电机

表2 测试仪器不确定度

Table 2 The uncertainty of the test instruments

参数	类型	不确定度
制冷剂温度	PT100，铂电阻温度传感器	±0.2℃
制冷剂压力	电压型压力传感器	±0.25%满量程
制冷剂质量流率	科里奥利质量流量计	±0.15%满量程，250 kg/h，350 kg/h
空气流量	喷嘴	±1%
制冷剂充注量	电子秤	±0.01 kg
压缩机输入功	数字功率计，8720	±0.5%
空气侧温度	PT00，精密铂电阻温度传感器	±0.1℃

表3 测试工况

Table 3 Test conditions

系统	车外环境温度/℃	车内进风温度/℃	压缩机转速/（r/min）	EEV1开度/%	EEV2开度/%
无补气	-30	20	2400	12.8	23.7
补气	-30	20	2400	12.8	23.7
补气	-30	0，5，10，15，20	2400	26.0	22.0

图3 有/无补气热泵循环p-h示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the p-h cycle of the heat pump with/without vapor injection

图4 有/无补气CO2热泵循环对比p-h图

Fig.4 p-h diagram of cycle comparison of CO2 heat pump with/without vapor injection

表4 有/无补气CO2热泵系统性能对比

Table 4 Performance comparison of CO2 heat pump systems with/without vapor injection

热泵

系统

43.9

—

74.1

—

图5 进风温度对CO2补气热泵制热性能的影响

Fig.5 Effect of inlet air temperature on the heating performance of CO2 vapor-injection heat pump

图6 进风温度对CO2补气热泵循环的影响

Fig.6 Effect of inlet air temperature on the cycle of CO2 vapor-injection heat pump

图7 不同进风温度下CO2补气热泵循环p-h图

Fig.7 p-h diagram of CO2 vapor-injection heat pump cycle at different inlet air temperatures

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-30℃电动汽车补气式CO₂热泵制热性能实验研究

Experimental investigation on heating performance of vapor-injection CO₂ heat pump for electric vehicles at -30℃

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