机载补气增焓制冷系统动态仿真模型

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201405

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

补气增焓制冷系统具有系统能效比高、运转费用低等优势，被广泛应用于现代飞机的环境控制系统中。为了指导系统的设计与控制，开发了机载补气增焓制冷系统的动态性能仿真模型，并开展了实验验证。通过将补气压缩机工作过程分解，建立了基于物理机理的补气压缩机显式计算模型；通过制冷剂相区划分，建立了蒸发器和冷凝器的移动边界模型；并开发了基于质量引导的系统动态求解算法。实验验证表明，模型能够准确反映系统压力和温度的动态变化趋势；在系统动态响应时间内，模型对于系统压力和温度的时均预测偏差分别为2.55%和-3.29℃。

关键词: 补气增焓, 制冷, 动态仿真, 算法

Abstract:

Enhanced vapor injection refrigeration system has been widely used in the environmental control system of modern aircraft due to the advantages of high system efficiency and low operating cost. For the system designing and controlling, a dynamic simulation model of the enhanced vapor injection refrigeration system for aircraft is developed, and the experimental validation is performed. By abstracting the working principle of the compressor into three independent processes, an explicit calculation model of vapor-injected compressor based on physical theory is established; the dynamic models of the condenser and evaporator are developed based on moving-boundary method; and the solution algorithm of the system model is presented based on mass-guided method. Experimental validation results show that, the proposed model can well predict the dynamic trends of pressure and temperature responses; under the experiment conditions, the time-average deviations of the predicted system pressure and temperatures are 2.55% and -3.29℃, respectively.

Key words: enhanced vapor injection, refrigeration, dynamic simulation, algorithm

中图分类号:

V 245.3

孙浩然, 吕中原, 吴成云, 胡海涛. 机载补气增焓制冷系统动态仿真模型[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(5): 2484-2492.

SUN Haoran, LYU Zhongyuan, WU Chengyun, HU Haitao. Dynamic simulation model of enhanced vapor injection refrigeration system for aircraft[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(5): 2484-2492.

图/表 8

图1 机载补气增焓制冷系统示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of enhanced vapor injection refrigeration system for aircraft

图2 补气压缩机结构及建模示意图

Fig.2 Structure and modelling of vapor-injected compressor

图3 换热器移动边界模型示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of moving-boundary models

图4 机载补气增焓制冷系统动态仿真算法

Fig.4 Flow chart for the dynamic simulation of enhanced vapor injection refrigeration system for airplane

图5 实验台原理

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of the experimental rig

表1 样件结构

Table 1 Parameters of the tested prototype

参数		数值
系统	制冷剂类型/制冷剂充注量	R134a/3.4 kg
压缩机	排气量	150 ml/r
	额定频率	50 Hz
	补气比	0.3
闪发器	容积	5.5 L
固定节流孔	内径	1.8 mm
固定节流孔	流量系数	0.6
蒸发器	高度/宽度/厚度	304 /124 /90 mm
	层数目	32
	翅片厚度/翅片水力直径	2 mm/4 mm
冷凝器	高度/宽度/厚度	304 /124/100 mm
	层数目	36
	翅片厚度/翅片水力直径	2 mm/4 mm
热力膨胀阀	过热度设定值	10℃

表2 验证工况

Table 2 Experimental conditions

参数	实验工况
参数	No. 1	No. 2
冷凝器冷边温度	20.0℃	55.0℃
冷凝器冷边水流量	31.7 L/min	31.8 L/min
蒸发器热边温度	0℃	20.0℃
蒸发器热边水流量	45.2 L/min	48.3 L/min
压缩机运行频率	初始运行频率50 Hz，200 s时停机	初始运行频率50 Hz，200 s时停机

图6 动态模型仿真结果与实验测量值

Fig.6 Predicted values and measured data of the tested prototype under dynamic conditions

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