多能互补协同蓄能系统热力学分析与运行优化

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201112

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

提出了一种多能互补协同蓄能建筑供能系统，该系统将空气源热泵、水源热泵、太阳能热电联产组件以及蓄能技术（蓄冷、蓄热）有效结合，实现了可再生能源的高效利用与建筑的经济供能，利用热力学分析方法对该供能系统进行性能分析与运行优化研究。首先，通过能源监控平台收集该供能系统的实际运行数据建立了系统分析模型，并对冬季典型日工况进行了系统性能分析，结果表明系统运行稳定，其夜间蓄能平均COP和效率分别为2和32.24%，均高于常规系统。接着，通过分析系统冬季实际运行数据，总结出了各蓄能工况的运行规律，并制定了系统优化运行策略。最后，对该多能互补系统进行了热经济学评价，本系统单位面积供热费用仅为12.5 CNY/m²，年单位成本为2.16 CNY/kWh，且相较于常规空气源热泵直供系统和燃气热水锅炉供暖系统，本系统的动态回收期分别为3.66年和2.47年，经济效益优势明显，是值得推广的供能系统形式。

关键词: 多能互补, 热力学, 再生能源, 优化, 热泵, 热经济学

Abstract:

A multi-energy complementary energy supply system combined with energy storage was proposed, which effectively combined air source heat pump, water source heat pump, photovoltaic/thermal and energy storage technology (cold storage and heat storage) to achieve efficient and economic energy supply. The performance analysis and operation optimization of the energy supply system are carried out by using thermodynamic analysis method. First of all, the actual operation data of the energy supply system are collected through the energy monitoring platform, and the system performance is analyzed under the typical daily conditions in winter. The results show that the system is stable and its average COP and exergy efficiency are 2 and 32.24% respectively, which are higher than those of conventional system. Then, by analyzing the actual operating data of the system in winter, the operating rules of each energy storage condition were summarized, and the system optimization operating strategy was formulated. The heating cost per unit area of the system is only 12.5 CNY/m², and the annual unit exergy cost is 2.16 CNY / kWh. In addition, the dynamic payback period of this system is 3.66 a and 2.47 a respectively compared with the conventional air source heat pump direct supply system and gas-fired boiler heating system, which has obvious economic benefits.

Key words: multi energy complementation, thermodynamics, renewable energy, optimization, heat pump, thermoeconomics

中图分类号:

TK 02

王宇波, 全贞花, 靖赫然, 王林成, 赵耀华. 多能互补协同蓄能系统热力学分析与运行优化[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(5): 2474-2483.

WANG Yubo, QUAN Zhenhua, JING Heran, WANG Lincheng, ZHAO Yaohua. Thermodynamic analysis and operation optimization of multi energy complementary energy storage system[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(5): 2474-2483.

图/表 11

图1 多能互补协同蓄能建筑供能系统示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of multi-energy complementary energy supply system with energy storage

表1 系统冬季工作原理与运行模式

Table 1 Working principle and operation mode of the system in winter

运行模式	开启的设备	开启的阀门	运行时间
空气源热泵蓄热	空气源热泵、泵2	阀1、3、6、7	23:00~7:00
空气源热泵耦合水源热泵蓄热	空气源热泵、水源热泵和泵2、3、4	阀2、3、6、8、12、13	23:00~7:00
太阳能蓄热	泵5	阀14、16	9:00~16:00
蓄能水箱供热	泵1	锁闭阀,阀1、4、5、7、11	7:00~20:00

图2 多能互补协同蓄能供能系统照片

Fig.2 The system photos

图3 水箱分析模型

Fig.3 Exergy analysis model of water tank

图4 空气源热泵耦合水源热泵梯级制热工况分析模型

Fig.4 Exergy analysis model of air source heat pump coupled with water source heat pump in heating condition

图5 各部件效率

Fig.5 Exergy efficiency of each component

图6 各部件损率

Fig.6 Exergy loss rate of each component

图7 PV/T组件发电集热量和效率

Fig.7 Power generation, heat collection and exergy efficiency of PV/T modules

图8 空气源热泵单独蓄热工况性能

Fig.8 Performance of air source heat pump under separate heat storage condition

图9 水源热泵耦合空气源热泵联合蓄热工况性能

Fig.9 Performance of water source heat pump coupled with air source heat pump under heat storage condition

图10 两种蓄热工况效率变化

Fig.10 Change of exergy efficiency under two heat storage conditions

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