工业园区生态化发展的挑战与过程系统工程的机遇

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201456

化工学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (5): 2373-2391.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20201456

工业园区生态化发展的挑战与过程系统工程的机遇

贾小平¹(),石磊^2,³(),杨友麒⁴()

^1.青岛科技大学环境与安全工程学院，山东青岛 266042
^2.清华大学环境学院，北京 100084
^3.南昌大学资源环境与化工学院，江西南昌 330031
^4.中国化工信息中心，北京 100029

收稿日期:2020-10-20 修回日期:2020-11-28 出版日期:2021-05-05 发布日期:2021-05-05
通讯作者: 石磊,杨友麒
作者简介:贾小平（1974—），男，博士，副教授，jiaxp@qust.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“战略性国际科技创新合作”重点专项(2020YFE0201400);国家自然科学基金项目(41771575)

Challenges of eco-industrial parks development and opportunities for process systems engineering

JIA Xiaoping¹(),SHI Lei^2,³(),YANG Youqi⁴()

^1.School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, China
^2.School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
^3.School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
^4.China National Chemical Information Center, Beijing 100029, China

Received:2020-10-20 Revised:2020-11-28 Online:2021-05-05 Published:2021-05-05
Contact: SHI Lei,YANG Youqi

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态化成为过程工业园区可持续发展的必然选择。基于多要素、跨介质、多过程和多目标协同的园区内在特征，其生态化过程有赖于过程系统工程的研究范式和方法。在介绍过程工业园区生态化历程及特点的基础上，提出园区生态化趋势与研究需求；重点综述了在工业园区尺度上应用过程系统工程方法驱动其生态化发展的研究现状；分别就可持续性分析评价、节能、节水、碳管理、物质集成、多重网络集成优化及园区信息化等展开系统化评述。提出工业园区生态化给过程系统工程发展带来的挑战和机遇。

关键词: 过程系统工程, 可持续性评价, 集成, 生态工业园区, 过程系统

Abstract:

Ecologicalization has become an inevitable choice for the sustainable development of process industrial parks. Based on the inherent characteristics of multi-elements, cross-media, multi-processes and multi-objective coordination in industrial parks, its ecologicalization process depends on the positive contributions from the research paradigms and methods of process systems engineering. Based on the introduction of the ecologicalization process and characteristics of industrial parks, this paper proposes a set of fundamental insights and needs for ensuring the sustainability. It focuses on the application of methods in process systems engineering to drive the sustainability of industrial parks. This paper systematically reviews sustainable performance analysis, energy conservation, water conservation, carbon management, mass integration, multi-networks integration, and informatization. The challenges and opportunities brought by the ecologicalization of industrial parks to the development of process systems engineering are proposed.

Key words: process systems engineering, sustainability evaluation, integration, eco-industrial park, process systems

中图分类号:

TQ 021.8

贾小平, 石磊, 杨友麒. 工业园区生态化发展的挑战与过程系统工程的机遇[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(5): 2373-2391.

JIA Xiaoping, SHI Lei, YANG Youqi. Challenges of eco-industrial parks development and opportunities for process systems engineering[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(5): 2373-2391.

图/表 9

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方法	主要贡献	文献
夹点方法	提出全局集成概念	[35]
	能量集成的环境成本纳入TSI中。与单过程相比，可以至多节约20%的燃料，至少减少50%的CO₂排放	[36]
	热量在不同厂区间回收利用的非辅助集成和辅助集成策略	[37-38]
	利用TSI分析园区5个企业间的能量梯级利用潜力，结果表明，节约能量高达50%	[39]
	研究了跨厂区能量集成回收低温余热案例，证明跨厂区集成优化比单工厂不回收低温热总年度成本降低37%	[40]
	提出全局费用权衡法，可使得多装置之间的热集成全局费用目标接近TSI目标	[41-42]
	将问题表格法引入多装置的集成问题	[43]
	以某工业聚集区为例，采用TSI实现其节能目标	[44]
数学规划方法	运用混合整数线性(MILP)模型来同时优化热回收网络及公用工程等过程参数	[45]
	研究了TSI换热网络的操作成本和热公用工程价格变化情景	[46]
	以经济成本最小化和环境影响为目标函数，分析了园区在公用工程需求随季节变化下如何优化设计园区内换热网络	[47]
	考虑当企业间存在多股进料和出料时的跨厂区热集成	[48]
	研究用间接换热介质跨工厂进行热集成	[49]
	研究用水循环间接跨工厂回收低温余热	[50-51]
	同时考虑直接跨厂集成和间接跨厂集成	[52-54]
	提出多周期的跨厂区热集成多目标优化问题	[55]
	研究生物质压缩天然气（CNG）的供应和分配网络能源管理问题	[56]
	研究园区尺度的换热网络集成优化问题	[57]
	提出园区尺度的公用工程系统与混合电力系统集成	[58]
	提出跨厂区热集成优化的博弈策略	[59]

方法	主要贡献	文献
夹点方法	提出全局集成概念	[35]
	能量集成的环境成本纳入TSI中。与单过程相比，可以至多节约20%的燃料，至少减少50%的CO₂排放	[36]
	热量在不同厂区间回收利用的非辅助集成和辅助集成策略	[37-38]
	利用TSI分析园区5个企业间的能量梯级利用潜力，结果表明，节约能量高达50%	[39]
	研究了跨厂区能量集成回收低温余热案例，证明跨厂区集成优化比单工厂不回收低温热总年度成本降低37%	[40]
	提出全局费用权衡法，可使得多装置之间的热集成全局费用目标接近TSI目标	[41-42]
	将问题表格法引入多装置的集成问题	[43]
	以某工业聚集区为例，采用TSI实现其节能目标	[44]
数学规划方法	运用混合整数线性(MILP)模型来同时优化热回收网络及公用工程等过程参数	[45]
	研究了TSI换热网络的操作成本和热公用工程价格变化情景	[46]
	以经济成本最小化和环境影响为目标函数，分析了园区在公用工程需求随季节变化下如何优化设计园区内换热网络	[47]
	考虑当企业间存在多股进料和出料时的跨厂区热集成	[48]
	研究用间接换热介质跨工厂进行热集成	[49]
	研究用水循环间接跨工厂回收低温余热	[50-51]
	同时考虑直接跨厂集成和间接跨厂集成	[52-54]
	提出多周期的跨厂区热集成多目标优化问题	[55]
	研究生物质压缩天然气（CNG）的供应和分配网络能源管理问题	[56]
	研究园区尺度的换热网络集成优化问题	[57]
	提出园区尺度的公用工程系统与混合电力系统集成	[58]
	提出跨厂区热集成优化的博弈策略	[59]

方法	主要贡献	文献
夹点方法	将水网络集成优化研究从单个厂内水网络集成（intra-plant water network）推到跨厂区多水网络集成（inter-plant water network）	[63]
	提出跨厂区水网络的直接集成和间接集成策略	[64]
	提出结合夹点分析和数学规划的混合自动定目标方法	[65]
	应用水级联分析法求解跨厂区水网络的最小新水用量	[66-67]
	以园区总的最小新鲜水量为目标，提出水质分级，给出设计EIP水网络步骤，指导EIP合理分配再生水	[68]
	提出跨厂区水网络的非辅助集成和辅助集成策略	[69-70]
数学规划方法	考虑在供水有限和水价变化条件下，研究园区用水网络变化	[71]
	结合夹点方法和数学规划法确定最小新鲜水量和跨厂区连接，建立混合整数非线性规划（MINLP）模型，实现水网络系统优化	[72]
	采用水源-处理装置-水阱来优化设计水网络，并以费用最小化来确定最优循环和分离策略	[73]
	提出设置集中式和分散式储罐的跨厂区水网络模型	[74]
	提出一种通用的定目标方法，将其应用于多区域、多水源跨厂区水网络集成	[75]
	以最小新鲜水量、再生水量和网络连接数为目标，研究不同再生单元情景的网络问题	[76]
	提出柔性分析	[23]
	以最小新鲜水用量和最小年度总费用为目标，提出一种多周期优化方法	[77]
	提出interfactory and intrafactory概念重构工业园区的水网络系统	[78]
	研究管道合并寻址互连选择优化跨厂区水网络问题，并开发了考虑空间方面的优化模型	[79]
	以钢铁行业为例，提出同步考虑厂内和跨厂区集成的多尺度水网络优化模型	[80]
	提出考虑水质的生态工业园水系统MILP模型	[81]
	基于中间水道的多污染跨厂区水网络设计	[82]
	基于Matlab开发了过程综合工具 (SPDLab)，应用于废水处理改进设计	[83]
	针对不同厂区间的直接集成策略，利用博弈论方法开展工业园区用水网络优化研究	[84]
	提出基于博弈论的水网络优化定量分析方法，并对具有中间水道跨厂区水网络进行了优化设计	[85]
	以新鲜水价格变化为驱动力，提出新鲜水价区间与其对应的用水网络综合关系,指出水价对园区内企业之间的水集成具有重要影响	[86]
	提出基于两阶段优化的工业园区用水系统的水价优化模型	[87]
	提出模糊双目标优化方法对工业园区用水网络进行优化设计。结果表明，设置过高的新鲜水价和对回用水进行全部补贴并不一定有显著的节水效果	[88]

方法	主要贡献	文献
夹点方法	将水网络集成优化研究从单个厂内水网络集成（intra-plant water network）推到跨厂区多水网络集成（inter-plant water network）	[63]
	提出跨厂区水网络的直接集成和间接集成策略	[64]
	提出结合夹点分析和数学规划的混合自动定目标方法	[65]
	应用水级联分析法求解跨厂区水网络的最小新水用量	[66-67]
	以园区总的最小新鲜水量为目标，提出水质分级，给出设计EIP水网络步骤，指导EIP合理分配再生水	[68]
	提出跨厂区水网络的非辅助集成和辅助集成策略	[69-70]
数学规划方法	考虑在供水有限和水价变化条件下，研究园区用水网络变化	[71]
	结合夹点方法和数学规划法确定最小新鲜水量和跨厂区连接，建立混合整数非线性规划（MINLP）模型，实现水网络系统优化	[72]
	采用水源-处理装置-水阱来优化设计水网络，并以费用最小化来确定最优循环和分离策略	[73]
	提出设置集中式和分散式储罐的跨厂区水网络模型	[74]
	提出一种通用的定目标方法，将其应用于多区域、多水源跨厂区水网络集成	[75]
	以最小新鲜水量、再生水量和网络连接数为目标，研究不同再生单元情景的网络问题	[76]
	提出柔性分析	[23]
	以最小新鲜水用量和最小年度总费用为目标，提出一种多周期优化方法	[77]
	提出interfactory and intrafactory概念重构工业园区的水网络系统	[78]
	研究管道合并寻址互连选择优化跨厂区水网络问题，并开发了考虑空间方面的优化模型	[79]
	以钢铁行业为例，提出同步考虑厂内和跨厂区集成的多尺度水网络优化模型	[80]
	提出考虑水质的生态工业园水系统MILP模型	[81]
	基于中间水道的多污染跨厂区水网络设计	[82]
	基于Matlab开发了过程综合工具 (SPDLab)，应用于废水处理改进设计	[83]
	针对不同厂区间的直接集成策略，利用博弈论方法开展工业园区用水网络优化研究	[84]
	提出基于博弈论的水网络优化定量分析方法，并对具有中间水道跨厂区水网络进行了优化设计	[85]
	以新鲜水价格变化为驱动力，提出新鲜水价区间与其对应的用水网络综合关系,指出水价对园区内企业之间的水集成具有重要影响	[86]
	提出基于两阶段优化的工业园区用水系统的水价优化模型	[87]
	提出模糊双目标优化方法对工业园区用水网络进行优化设计。结果表明，设置过高的新鲜水价和对回用水进行全部补贴并不一定有显著的节水效果	[88]

范式内容	末端处理工程 end-of-pipe	过程系统工程 process SE	产品系统工程 product SE	园区系统工程 park SE
研究对象	末端治理系统	生产过程系统	产品-服务系统	工业园区尺度复合产业生态系统
研究目的	设计、建设和运营末端治理设施，污染导向的达标排放	设计、建设和运营优化生产过程系统，集成导向的清洁生产和全过程优化	设计、规划和管理优化产品-服务系统，生命周期导向的可持续生产与消费	规划、建设和改造工业园区，生态导向的绿色、低碳、循环和高质量发展
系统分析	解析末端治理设施与主体工程及排放标准的定量依存关系，强调技术经济评价，多采用技术经济分析方法和工具	解析过程单元或系统之间的物质流、能量流和信息流作用关系，强调环境与经济的协调评价，多采用过程系统分析方法和工具	解析生命周期不同环节之间的关联关系，强调综合评价，多采用生命周期分析方法和工具	解析园区尺度产业、基础设施与生态要素之间的互馈关系，强调人工要素与生态要素的相容评价，多采用物质流分析和网络分析方法和工具
模拟优化	模拟优化末端治理系统的达标排放效果，强调达标的硬约束	模拟优化生产过程系统，优化目标包括经济性、环境性和操作柔性等。方法包括机理模型模拟和统计模型模拟等	模拟优化产品-服务系统，强调产品生命周期尺度上的综合目标优化。主要采用生命周期优化等方法	模拟优化园区产业生态系统，强调社会经济要素主体的作用，强调物料-能量-水协同优化。方法包括多主体建模、多尺度建模、多人多目标优化等
系统集成	末端治理设施与主体装置的物质、能量和信息集成	不同生产过程单元或系统之间的物质、能量和信息集成	生命周期不同环节过程和主体之间的物质、能量和信息集成，强调硬关系和软关系的同时集成	产业系统、基础设施系统和自然生态系统之间的生态集成，强调生态系统演化意义上的综合集成
决策研判	末端治理系统的技术路线选择，强调稳定达标的确定性	生产过程系统的技术路线、建设方案和运行模式选择，强调操作弹性和灵活性，强调多准则综合决策	产品-服务系统的技术路线和商业模式的选择，强调应对市场和政策波动的不确定性，强调信息私密与产业共生协同，强调基于产业大数据的综合决策	产业生态系统的演替模式和路径选择，强调生态系统完整性和生态韧性，强调基于生态大数据的智慧决策

工业园区生态化发展的挑战与过程系统工程的机遇

Challenges of eco-industrial parks development and opportunities for process systems engineering

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