摇摆流化床的气固流动特性

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20210383

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用二维床及D类玻璃珠颗粒，在表观气速U_g=0.267~0.978 m/s、摇摆幅值Θ=5°~15°、摇摆周期T=8~20 s的实验条件下，对摇摆流化床内气固流动过程及气体通过流化床的时均总压降进行了研究，并通过与常规直立床和倾斜床进行对比，分析了床体摇摆对气固流动的影响。结果表明，在平均角速度ω_ave>2(°)/s的条件下，当初始装料量和表观气速相同时，气体通过摇摆流化床的时均总压降低于直立床，高于相同最大倾角时的倾斜床；惯性力所产生的压降在0.15 kPa以下，其对床层压降的影响较小，床体倾斜导致气体向边壁区域聚集是影响摇摆流化床内气固流动特性的主要因素，由此导致床内存在固定床和下行移动床状态的非流化区域，使得处于流化区域的颗粒量减少，同时还降低了流化床层在竖直方向的静压。非流化区域的存在还会造成流化区域的气速高于直立床表观气速，两者表观气速之比为1.04~1.49。

关键词: 流化床, 气泡, 聚集, 摇摆工况, 气固流动, 压降

Abstract:

In a two-dimensional bed with Geldart D glass beads particles, the gas-solid flow process in the rolling fluidized-bed was investigated as well as the time-averaged total pressure drop, which produced when the gas passing through the fluidized bed, under the range of different superficial gas velocities U_g=0.267—0.978 m/s, the rolling amplitudes Θ=5°—15°, and the rolling periods T=8—20 s. The influence of bed rolling on the gas-solid flow characteristics was analyzed by comparing to that in the conventional vertical and inclined beds. It turned out that, when the average angular velocity ω_ave>2(°)/s, the value of the time-averaged total pressure drop in the rolling fluidized bed was lower than that in the vertical bed. Moreover, it was higher than that in the inclined bed, which had the same maximum inclination angle as it in the rolling fluidized bed. The pressure drop caused by inertial force was less than 0.15 kPa, which had little effect on the pressure drop of the bed. The inertial force had little effect on the pressure drop of the bed. The phenomenon of gas accumulation appeared near the wall, which was caused by the inclination of the bed. The gas-solid flow characteristics in the rolling fluidized bed were mainly affected by the gas accumulation. Thus, there existed the defluidization regions, e.g., the fixed beds and moving beds. The particle amounts in the fluidization regions were then reduced as well as the static pressure in the vertical direction of the bed. The existence of the non-fluidized area will also cause the gas velocity in the fluidized area to be higher than the superficial gas velocity of the vertical bed. The ratio of the apparent velocity of the two in this paper is 1.04—1.49.

Key words: fluidized-bed, bubble, aggregation, rolling condition, gas-solid flow, pressure drop

中图分类号:

TQ 021.1

田朋,王德武,王若瑾,唐猛,郝晓磊,张少峰. 摇摆流化床的气固流动特性[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(10): 5102-5113.

Peng TIAN,Dewu WANG,Ruojin WANG,Meng TANG,Xiaolei HAO,Shaofeng ZHANG. Gas-solid flow characteristics in the rolling fluidized-bed[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(10): 5102-5113.

图/表 12

图1 气固摇摆流化床实验装置及流程示意图1—罗茨鼓风机;2—气体缓冲罐;3—截止阀;4—转子流量计;5—摇摆平台;6—气室;7—床层段;8—扩大段;9—摄录机;10—压力信号采集系统;11—计算机

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of experimental apparatus and flow process of gas-solid rolling fluidized-bed

图2 摇摆流化床瞬时摆角和瞬时角速度的变化

Fig.2 Variation of both the instantaneous rolling angle and the instantaneous angular velocity in the rolling fluidized bed

图3 摇摆流化床内气固流动现象Ⅰ—倾斜床体上壁区域;Ⅱ—倾斜床体下壁区域

Fig.3 Gas-solid flow in the rolling fluidized bed

图4 摇摆流化床床体倾斜时刻颗粒流动状态示意图

Fig.4 Flow schematic diagram of the particles in the rolling fluidized bed at certain inclined angles

图5 床体倾斜时流化区域和非流化区域的瞬时压力波动时间序列对比（Ug=0.444 m/s，Θ=15°）

Fig.5 Comparison of time series pressure fluctuations between fluidization regions and defluidization regions in the inclined fluidized bed (Ug=0.444 m/s，Θ=15°)

图6 倾斜床内部固定床与下行移动床区域范围随操作条件的变化

Fig.6 Variation of the areas of both the fixed bed and the downward moving bed under different operating conditionsin the inclined bed

图7 床体摇摆过程中气泡运动状态的变化

Fig.7 Variation of bubbles motion during the rolling of the bed

图8 气体通过流化床时均总压降随表观气速的变化

Fig.8 Variation of the time-averaged total pressure drop with gas superficial velocity when the gas passing through the fluidized bed

图9 气体通过流化床时均总压降随摇摆幅值和摇摆周期的变化

Fig.9 Variation of the time-averaged total pressure drop with both the rolling amplitude and period when the gas passing through the fluidized bed

图10 摇摆床时均总压降较倾斜床的相对增加幅度随平均摇摆角速度的变化（Ug>0.500 m/s）

Fig.10 Variation of the relative increase amplitude of the time-averaged total pressure drop in the rolling bed compared to that in the inclined bed with the average rolling angular velocity (Ug>0.500 m/s)

图11 摇摆床与倾斜/直立床时均总压降差值中的床层静压差值和惯性力压降

Fig.11 Bed static pressure difference and inertial pressure drop in the difference of time-averaged total pressure drop between rolling bed and inclined/vertical bed

图12 摇摆床内流化区域当量表观气速比的计算结果

Fig.12 Equivalent gas superficial velocity ratio in the fluidization region of the rolling bed

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