一种封闭罩内顺流多旋臂气液分离器的分离特性研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230363

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解决多旋臂气液旋流分离器（GLVS）中旋臂上方存在的小液滴夹带逃逸现象，设计了一种封闭罩内顺流多旋臂气液分离器（D-GLVS）。通过大型冷模实验，从压降和分离效率角度考察了其分离性能，实验结果表明，D-GLVS通过增加封闭罩，分隔了分离空间和排气空间，使排气压降占比较大，约为总压降的60%，但其阻力系数仍在常规旋风分离器的范围内；且其分离效率随气速增大，表现为先升高后降低的变化趋势，并在14.69 m/s附近达到最大值，同时发现偶数个喷嘴数对应进液质量的分离效率明显比奇数个喷嘴更高，这一结果在逆流式多旋臂气液分离器（B-GLVS）中同样得以证实。进一步对比了D-GLVS和B-GLVS间分离性能差异，结果表明封闭罩的引入可以极大地改善B-GLVS中小液滴被气流夹带逃逸的现象，使气液分离效率有明显提升，同时使D-GLVS分离效率随气速的变化规律与常规旋风分离器更为相似。在低气速下，二者的总压降几乎相同，当旋臂喷出口气速较大时，D-GLVS的总压降略大于B-GLVS，增幅均值约为5.04%。

关键词: 离心分离, 气液两相流, 压降, 分离效率, 气液顺流

Abstract:

To solve the escape phenomenon of small droplets entrained above the swirling arm in the gas-liquid vortex separator (GLVS), a downstream gas-liquid vortex separator in a closed hood (D-GLVS) was designed. The pressure drop characteristics and separation efficiency of D-GLVS were investigated in a large-scale cold separator model. The experimental results show that D-GLVS separates the separation space and exhaust space by adding a closed hood, resulting in a relatively large proportion of the exhaust pressure drop, about 60% of the total pressure drop. However, its resistance coefficient is still within the range of common cyclone separators. The separation efficiency increases first and then decreases with the increase of swirl arm velocity, and reaches the maximum near the swirl arm velocity of 14.69 m/s. The separation efficiency corresponding to the inlet mass of even nozzles is obviously higher than that of odd nozzles, which is also confirmed in the backward gas-liquid vortex separator (B-GLVS). The separation performance differences between D-GLVS and B-GLVS are further compared. The results show that the closed hood can optimize the internal airflow direction and greatly improve the escape of droplets from B-GLVS entrained by the airflow, leading to a significant increase in gas-liquid separation efficiency. The separation efficiency of D-GLVS is more similar to that of a common cyclone separator. At low gas velocity, the total pressure drop of the two is almost the same. When the gas velocity at the jet outlet of the spiral arm is higher, the total pressure drop of D-GLVS is slightly larger than that of B-GLVS, with an average increase of about 5.04%.

Key words: centrifugation, gas-liquid flow, pressure drop, separation efficiency, downstream gas-liquid

中图分类号:

TQ 028.4

高金明, 郭玉娇, 鄂承林, 卢春喜. 一种封闭罩内顺流多旋臂气液分离器的分离特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 2957-2966.

Jinming GAO, Yujiao GUO, Chenglin E, Chunxi LU. Study on the separation characteristics of a downstream gas-liquid vortex separator in a closed hood[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(7): 2957-2966.

图/表 18

图1 B-GLVS和D-GLVS的结构对比

Fig.1 Mechanism comparison between B-GLVS and D-GLVS

图2 实验样机的结构参数

Fig.2 Structural parameter of experimental prototype

表1 实验样机的主要结构参数

Table 1 Structural parameters of experimental prototypes

参数	B-GLVS	D-GLVS
入口进料管内径D_i/mm	283	283
气相出口管内径D_o1/mm	207	207
液相出口管内径D_o2/mm	100	100
分离罐体内径D₁/mm	800	800
分离罐体高度H₁/mm	3000	3000
封闭罩内径D₂/mm	—	500
封闭罩插入深度H₂/mm	—	1800
沉降高度H₃/mm	1000	1000
旋臂中心距气相出口管高度H₄/mm	940	940
旋臂半径r/mm	141.5	141.5
旋臂圆心与罐体中心间距B/mm	95.5	95.5
旋臂喷出口高度L/mm	192	192

图3 实验流程1—鼓风机; 2—储气罐; 3—放空阀; 4—过滤网; 5—压力表; 6—涡街流量计; 7—调节阀; 8—入口温湿度计; 9—超声波喷嘴; 10—出口温湿度计; 11—D-GLVS/B-GLVS; 12—排液阀; 13—收集罐; 14—水箱; 15—水泵; 16—液体流量计

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus

表2 实验物料参数

Table 2 Experimental material parameters

实验物料	动力黏度（20℃）/ (mPa·s)	密度（20℃）/ (kg/m³)	粒径/μm
空气	1	1.2	—
水	0.018	998	5.75~36.65

图4 雾化液滴粒径分布

Fig.4 Droplet size distribution

表3 实验入口气量参数

Table 3 Experimental parameters of inlet gas volume

Q_i/(m³/h)	V_i/(m/s)	V_a/(m/s)
1100	4.86	6.22
1400	6.18	7.91
1800	7.95	10.17
2200	9.72	12.43
2600	11.48	14.69
3000	13.25	16.95
3600	15.90	20.35
4000	17.66	22.61

表4 实验进液质量参数

Table 4 Experimental parameters of inlet liquid quality

喷嘴数	m_i/(kg/h)
3	55.56
4	74.62
5	92.50
6	111.38
7	127.34
8	146.69

图5 D-GLVS的压降测点示意

Fig.5 Indication of pressure drop measuring point of D-GLVS

表5 分段压降测量值

Table 5 Measured values of segmental pressure drop

V_a/(m/s)	ΔP₁/Pa	ΔP₂/Pa	ΔP΄/Pa	ΔP/Pa	ε/%
6.22	61.62	138.86	200.48	204.90	2.16
7.91	184.13	221.78	405.91	395.09	2.74
10.17	267.44	381.39	648.83	663.93	2.27
12.43	387.78	548.88	936.65	950.88	1.50
14.69	543.07	776.24	1319.31	1336.58	1.29
16.95	760.18	1038.44	1798.62	1812.12	0.74
20.35	1116.69	1493.18	2609.87	2611.84	0.08
22.61	1341.09	1794.74	3135.83	3146.80	0.35

图6 ΔP΄与ΔP的对比

Fig.6 Comparison between ΔP΄ and ΔP

图7 分段压降与旋臂出口速度头的关系

Fig.7 Relationship between segmental pressure drop and velocity head of swirl arm

表6 分段压降结果分析

Table 6 Analysis of the results of segmental pressure

分段压降	ξ	R²
ΔP₁	4.161	0.9976
ΔP₂	5.487	0.9994
ΔP	9.666	0.9993

图8 D-GLVS和B-GLVS的总压降对比

Fig.8 Comparison of total pressure drop between D-GLVS and B-GLVS

图9 D-GLVS和B-GLVS分离效率与旋臂喷出口气速的关系对比

Fig.9 Comparison of separation efficiency between D-GLVS and B-GLVS

图10 固定进液质量下D-GLVS和B-GLVS的分离效率对比

Fig.10 Comparison of separation efficiency between D-GLVS and B-GLVS under fixed inlet liquid quality

图11 D-GLVS分离效率随进液质量的变化曲线

Fig.11 Variation of D-GLVS separation efficiency with inlet liquid quality

图12 B-GLVS分离效率随进液质量的变化曲线

Fig.12 Variation of B-GLVS separation efficiency with inlet liquid quality

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