均流腔结构对微细通道内相变流动特性影响的实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20221614

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以R134a制冷剂为工质，在质量流率为416~728 kg/(m²·s)，基面热通量为36.7~242.6 kW/m²条件下，研究了方形均流腔和圆弧均流腔微细通道换热器内两相流型的变化规律以及不同条件下微通道的压降特性、压力波动特性与传热特性。结果表明：两种均流腔结构的微通道内流型过渡是相似的，在弹状流型时均观察到了流动逆转现象；相比于方形均流腔微通道，圆弧均流腔微通道的压降更低，压力波动幅度更小，且具有更高的传热系数。在热通量为242.6 kW/m²，质量流率为416 kg/(m²·s)条件下，压降降低了51%；在热通量为154.4 kW/m²，质量流率为416 kg/(m²·s)时，出口压力波动幅度降低了35%；当热通量为242.6 kW/m²，质量流率为728 kg/(m²·s) 时，微细流道末端的传热系数提高了9.7%。

关键词: 微通道, 相变, 气液两相流, 压降, 不稳定性

Abstract:

In order to make the heat dissipation system run more safely and reliably, and improve the instability and heat transfer performance of two-phase flow and heat transfer in microchannels, R134a refrigerant is used as the working fluid, and the boiling flow characteristics of microchannels with square flow sharing cavity and microchannels with circular-arc flow sharing cavity are compared. The experiment was carried out in 9 parallel microchannels arrays, with a base area of 136 mm² and a hydraulic diameter of 400 μm. Under the conditions of mass flow rate of 416—728 kg/(m²·s) and base heat flux of 36.7—242.6 kW/m², the variation of two-phase flow pattern in the microchannels was studied by experiment and simulation, and the pressure drop, pressure fluctuation and heat transfer characteristics of microchannels under different conditions were studied by experiment. The results show that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The flow patterns in the microchannels of the two kinds of flow sharing cavities are similar, and the flow reversal phenomenon is observed in the slug flow pattern. Compared with the square flow sharing cavity microchannels, the circular-arc microchannels have lower pressure drop, smaller pressure fluctuation and higher heat transfer coefficient. When the heat flux density is 242.6 kW/m² and the mass flux density is 416 kg/(m²·s), the pressure drop is reduced by 51%. When the heat flux is 154.4 kW/m² and the mass flux is 416 kg/(m²·s), the fluctuation of outlet pressure decreases by 35%. When the heat flux is 242.6 kW/m² and the mass flow rate is 728 kg/(m²·s), the corresponding heat transfer coefficient is increased by 9.7%.

Key words: microchannels, phase change, gas-liquid flow, pressure drop, instability

中图分类号:

TQ 021.4

江河, 袁俊飞, 王林, 邢谷雨. 均流腔结构对微细通道内相变流动特性影响的实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 235-244.

He JIANG, Junfei YUAN, Lin WANG, Guyu XING. Experimental study on the effect of flow sharing cavity structure on phase change flow characteristics in microchannels[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 235-244.

图/表 11

图1 实验系统图

Fig.1 Experimental system diagram

图2 热沉结构分解示意图

Fig.2 Exploded diagram of heat sink structure

表1 热沉几何尺寸

Table 1 Heat sink geometry size

均流腔结构	H_ch/μm	W_ch/μm	W_f/μm	N_ch/条	W_b×L_b/mm	W_pl1/mm	W_pl2/mm	W_pl3/mm	R/mm
方形均流腔	400	400	400	9	6.8×20	20	20	20	—
圆弧均流腔	400	400	400	9	6.8×20	20	10	6.8	10.9

图3 方形均流腔微通道内气液两相流动可视化图像

Fig.3 Visualization image of gas-liquid two-phase flow in microchannels of square flow sharing cavity

图4 弹状气泡膨胀示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of slug bubble expansion

图5 弹状流时的流动循环

Fig.5 Flow circulation in slug bubble flow

图6 微通道沸腾流动流型图

Fig.6 Flow pattern diagram of microchannels boiling flow

图7 不同质量流率下，圆弧均流腔微通道的压降随热通量的变化

Fig.7 Under different mass flow rates, the pressure drop of the microchannels in the circular-arc flow sharing cavity changes with the heat flux

图8 不同质量流率下，圆弧均流腔微通道和方形均流腔微通道的压降随热通量的变化

Fig.8 Under different mass flow rates, the pressure drop of circular-arc and square flow sharing cavity microchannels varies with the heat flux

图9 热通量为154.4 kW/m2时，不同均流腔结构对通道进出口压力波动的影响

Fig.9 When the heat flux is 154.4 kW/m2, the influence of different flow sharing cavity structures on the pressure fluctuation at the inlet and outlet of the microchannels

图10 不同质量流率下，圆弧均流腔微通道和方形均流腔微通道的传热系数随热通量的变化

Fig.10 Under different mass flow rates, the heat transfer coefficient of circular-arc and square flow sharing cavity microchannels varies with heat flux

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