可生物降解聚酯的制备及性能研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20211200

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

相对于传统高分子材料，生物降解高分子材料由于其能够在自然环境下降解为环境无害的物质，作为解决塑料白色污染的重要手段之一，近年来获得快速发展。对本课题组生物降解聚酯结构设计、改性及产业化等方面的研究进展进行了总结。通过无规/嵌段共聚的方式在聚二元酸二元醇酯中引入共聚单体单元、长/短支化结构可有效对材料的结晶性能、熔体强度等性能进行调控，进而实现对材料加工性能、力学性能以及生物降解速率的调控。通过对聚合工艺的创新优化，实现高分子量不饱和聚酯的合成，并阐明了其聚合机理；进一步，通过在不饱和聚酯中引入Diels-Alder反应/金属配位活性位点实现可逆交联弹性体的制备。对聚二元酸二元醇酯的结晶结构调控与结晶机理进行了深入的研究，提出了一种基于结晶成核动力学测定高分子结晶次级临界核尺寸的方法；基于类质同晶构型构象匹配设计了新型高效大分子型成核剂。在实验室研究的基础上，与企业合作建成了年产万吨生物降解聚酯及其共聚酯的生产线，生产的产品已应用于一次性餐具、超市购物袋和地膜的制备，并在新疆进行了农田可降解地膜的应用示范。

关键词: 聚二元酸二元醇酯, 全生物降解材料, 共聚, 结晶, 产业化

Abstract:

Compared with traditional polymer materials, biodegradable polymer materials can be degraded into environmentally harmless substances in the natural environment. As one of the important means to solve the white pollution of plastics, biodegradable polymer materials have developed rapidly in recent years. This review summarizes the research progress of biodegradable polyester structure design, modification and industrialization in our laboratory. The introduction of comonomer units and long/short branched structure into the poly(alkylene dicarboxylates) through random/block copolymerization can effectively control the crystalline properties, melt strength and other properties of the material, and then achieve the control of processing properties, mechanical properties and biodegradation rate of the polyesters. Through the innovation and optimization of the polymerization process, the synthesis of high molecular weight unsaturated polyester was achieved, and its polymerization mechanism was clarified. Furthermore, the preparation of reversible crosslinking elastomers was achieved by introducing Diels-Alder reaction/metal coordination active sites in the unsaturated polyester. In-depth study on the crystal structure control and crystallization mechanism of poly(alkylene dicarboxylate) has been carried out, and a method based on the crystallization nucleation kinetics to determine the secondary critical nucleus size of polymer crystals is proposed. Based on isomorphic crystal structure conformation matching, a new type of high-efficiency macromolecular nucleating agent was designed. On the basis of laboratory research, a production line with an annual output of 10000 tons of biodegradable polyester and its copolyesters has been established in cooperation with enterprises. The products have been applied to the preparation of disposable tableware, supermarket shopping bags and plastic film, and the application demonstration of farmland degradable plastic film has been carried out in Xinjiang.

Key words: poly(alkylene dicarboxylate), biodegradable polymer, copolymerization, crystallization, industrialization

中图分类号:

TQ 323.4

邹文奇, 陈通, 叶海木, 张淑景, 徐军, 郭宝华. 可生物降解聚酯的制备及性能研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(12): 6216-6231.

Wenqi ZOU, Tong CHEN, Haimu YE, Shujing ZHANG, Jun XU, Baohua GUO. Research progress on the preparation and properties of biodegradable polyester[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(12): 6216-6231.

图/表 15

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