利用激光诱导石墨烯实现高效太阳能界面蒸发

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220604

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统的石墨烯制备方法过程复杂且环境严苛，本文使用激光诱导法制备石墨烯，并探索其在太阳能界面蒸发领域的应用。以商业隔热软木板（ICB板）为基底，在其表面通过激光刻蚀诱导生成石墨烯（laser-induced graphene， LIG）作为光热膜（ICB-LIG膜），辅以隔热装置和水输送通道，构建了一个新型的太阳能蒸发器。蒸发性能测试结果表明，该太阳能蒸发器能够在1个标准太阳光照射下实现高达1.33 kg·m^-2·h^-1的蒸发速率，相应的光热转化效率为86.0%。此外，该太阳能蒸发器还具有良好的耐久性，在7次循环实验中蒸发速率仅下降3.0%。

关键词: 太阳能, 蒸发, 光热膜, 激光诱导石墨烯, 隔热, 水输送, 结晶

Abstract:

The traditional graphene preparation process is complicated and the environment is harsh. In this paper, laser induced method is used to prepare graphene, and its application in the field of solar-driven interfacial evaporation is explored. The commercial thermal insulation cork board (ICB board) is utilized as the substrate, and laser-induced graphene (LIG) is generated on its surface as a photothermal membrane (ICB-LIG membrane). With the aid of thermal insulation devices and water transportation channels, a new solar evaporator is constructed. The evaporation performance test results show that the solar evaporator can achieve an evaporation rate of up to 1.33 kg·m^-2·h^-1 under 1 sunlight irradiation, and the corresponding photothermal conversion efficiency is 86.0%. In addition, the solar evaporator has good durability, and the evaporation rate drops only 3.0% in 7 cyclic experiments.

Key words: solar energy, evaporation, photothermal membrane, laser-induced graphene, heat insulation, water transportation, crystallization

中图分类号:

TV 213.1

陈雪梅, 王彤, 高玉箔, 彭鼎程, 罗雨婷. 利用激光诱导石墨烯实现高效太阳能界面蒸发[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(12): 5648-5659.

Xuemei CHEN, Tong WANG, Yubo GAO, Dingcheng PENG, Yuting LUO. Efficient solar interfacial evaporation using laser-induced graphene[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(12): 5648-5659.

图/表 17

图1 隔热供水结构

Fig.1 Insulated water supply structure

图2 太阳能蒸发器示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of solar evaporator

图3 太阳能界面蒸发实验装置示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of solar interfacial evaporation experimental device

图4 ICB板及ICB-LIG膜的SEM图像

Fig.4 SEM images of ICB plate and ICB-LIG membrane

图5 ICB-LIG膜的柔韧性及可弯曲能力

Fig.5 Flexibility and bendability of the ICB-LIG membrane

图6 ICB板和ICB-LIG膜的表征

Fig.6 Characterization of ICB plate and ICB-LIG membrane

图7 ICB板和ICB-LIG膜的吸光率

Fig.7 Optical absorptivity of ICB plate and ICB-LIG membrane

图8 带有激光烧蚀字母“NJUST”的ICB板在1倍太阳光强照射下的红外温度图

Fig.8 Infrared temperature map of ICB plate with laser-etched letter “NJUST” under 1 sun illumination

图9 1倍太阳光强下3.5%（质量）的NaCl溶液中ICB板和ICB-LIG膜蒸发系统的质量变化

Fig.9 Mass change of evaporation system of ICB plate and ICB-LIG membrane in 3.5%(mass) NaCl solution under 1 sun illumination

图10 1倍太阳光强下不同质量分数的NaCl溶液（0、3.5%、10%、15%、20%）中ICB-LIG膜的蒸发速率和光热转化效率

Fig.10 Evaporation rate and photothermal conversion efficiency of ICB-LIG membrane in different mass fraction of NaCl solution (0, 3.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) under 1 sun illumination

图11 不同光强下3.5%（质量） NaCl溶液中蒸发系统的各项数据变化以及1倍光强下膜温与水温随时间的变化

Fig.11 The data changes of the evaporation system in the 3.5%(mass) NaCl solution under different light intensities and change of membrane temperature and water temperature under 1 sun illumination

图12 循环测试前后ICB-LIG膜的吸光率和蒸发性能

Fig.12 The comparison of absorbance and evaporative properties of ICB-LIG membrane before and after cycle

图13 循环测试后ICB-LIG膜的表面SEM图

Fig.13 SEM images of ICB-LIG membrane after cycle

图14 1倍太阳光照下3.5%（质量）NaCl溶液中不同供水通道数下ICB-LIG膜的蒸发性能

Fig.14 The evaporation performance of ICB-LIG membrane with different number of water supply channels in 3.5% (mass) NaCl solution under 1 sun illumination

图15 不同供水通道数下膜表面盐的溶解情况

Fig.15 Salt dissolution on the surface of the membrane under different number of water supply channels

图16 水收集装置示意图

Fig.16 Schematic diagram of the water collection device

图17 不同质量分数的NaCl溶液淡化前后的盐度[虚线代表WHO定义的饮用水标准盐度（1000 mg·L-1）]

Fig.17 Salinity before and after desalting NaCl solutions with different mass fraction [dotted line represents the WHO standard salinity for drinking water (1000 mg·L-1)]

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