五重孪晶铜纳米线@聚吡咯制备及其电催化硝酸盐还原制氨

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240007

化工学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 75 ›› Issue (4): 1519-1532.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240007

• 催化、动力学与反应器 • 上一篇下一篇

五重孪晶铜纳米线@聚吡咯制备及其电催化硝酸盐还原制氨

严孝清¹(), 赵瑛¹(), 张宇哲¹, 欧鸿辉¹, 黄起中², 胡华贵², 杨贵东¹()

^1.西安交通大学化学工程与技术学院，陕西西安 710049
^2.国能榆林化工有限公司，陕西榆林 719000

收稿日期:2024-01-03 修回日期:2024-03-22 出版日期:2024-04-25 发布日期:2024-06-07
通讯作者: 杨贵东
作者简介:严孝清（1990—），男，博士研究生，助理教授，xq-yan@xjtu.edu.cn
赵瑛（1998—），女，硕士研究生，1069078377@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划重点专项(2020YFA0710000);国家自然科学基金项目(22108214);中国博士后科学基金站前特助(2021TQ0262);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024GX-YBXM-461);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(xzy012022068);陕西省高校科协青年人才托举计划项目(20210605)

Preparation of five-fold twinned copper nanowires@polypyrrole and their electrocatalytic conversion of nitrate to ammonia

Xiaoqing YAN¹(), Ying ZHAO¹(), Yuzhe ZHANG¹, Honghui OU¹, Qizhong HUANG², Huagui HU², Guidong YANG¹()

^1.School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
^2.China Energy Yulin Chemical Company, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi, China

Received:2024-01-03 Revised:2024-03-22 Online:2024-04-25 Published:2024-06-07
Contact: Guidong YANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

合理设计高活性、高选择性、高稳定性、低成本纳米结构催化剂是电催化硝酸根还原制氨的一个重大挑战。采用水热法耦合原位还原法制备了厚度可控的聚吡咯包裹五重孪晶铜纳米线催化剂，实现了低偏压下产氨活性、法拉第效率的提高以及对抗腐蚀能力的大幅提升。偏压为-0.4 V（可逆氢电极）时T-CuNW-10样品合成氨活性达到13.83 $m g \cdot m g_{}^{- 1} \cdot h^{- 1}$ ，偏压-0.7 V（可逆氢电极）时达到23.24 $m g \cdot m g_{}^{- 1} \cdot h^{- 1}$ ；中间产物亚硝酸根与产物氨二者加和的法拉第效率（FE）接近100%；腐蚀电流降低至3.14 μA·cm^-2。最终实现催化剂高效稳定硝酸根还原制氨性能的提升，可为开发设计工业应用催化剂提供思路参考。

关键词: 聚吡咯, 五重孪晶铜, 纳米材料, 硝酸根, 电化学合成氨, 催化剂

Abstract:

Reasonable design of nanostructured catalysts with high activity, selectivity, stability, and low cost is a significant challenge for achieving efficient electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate to ammonia. In this study, we successfully prepared a five-fold twinned copper nanowires@polypyrrole (T-CuNW@ppy) by hydrothermal coupled in-situ reduction method, which achieved ammonia production activity under low bias voltage, improved Faradaic efficiency, and significantly improved corrosion resistance. At a bias of -0.4 V (vs RHE), the T-CuNW-10 exhibited an impressive ammonia synthesis activity of 13.83 $m g \cdot m g_{}^{- 1} \cdot h^{- 1}$ ; while at a bias of -0.7 V (vs RHE) it reached 23.24 $m g \cdot m g_{}^{- 1} \cdot h^{- 1}$ . Furthermore, the Faradaic efficiency of $N O_{2}^{-}$ and NH₃ is a close to 100%. Additionally, the corrosion current is reduced to 3.14 μA·cm^-2. Overall, our findings demonstrate that this catalyst not only exhibits high efficiency and stability in nitrate reduction performance but also provides valuable insights for the development and design of industrial application-oriented catalysts.

Key words: polypyrrole, five-fold twinned copper, nanomaterials, nitric acid, electrochemical ammonia synthesis, catalyst

中图分类号:

TQ 131.2

严孝清, 赵瑛, 张宇哲, 欧鸿辉, 黄起中, 胡华贵, 杨贵东. 五重孪晶铜纳米线@聚吡咯制备及其电催化硝酸盐还原制氨[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(4): 1519-1532.

Xiaoqing YAN, Ying ZHAO, Yuzhe ZHANG, Honghui OU, Qizhong HUANG, Huagui HU, Guidong YANG. Preparation of five-fold twinned copper nanowires@polypyrrole and their electrocatalytic conversion of nitrate to ammonia[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(4): 1519-1532.

图/表 11

图1 T-CuNW@ppy样品制备示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of synthesis of T-CuNW@ppy

表1 T-CuNW@ppy催化剂的制备参数

Table 1 Preparation parameters of T-CuNW@ppy

样品编号	T-CuNW/mg	吡咯/μl	过硫酸铵/mg	碳酸氢钠/mg
T-CuNW	50	0	0	0
T-CuNW-5	50	5	0.0114	0.0084
T-CuNW-10	50	10	0.0228	0.0168
T-CuNW-20	50	20	0.0456	0.0336

图2 样品XRD谱图

Fig.2 XRD patterns of samples

图3 T-CuNW和T-CuNW@ppy系列样品的SEM图[（a）~（d）]；T-CuNW-10样品的HAADF-STEM图(e)和EDS图[（f）~（h）]

Fig.3 SEM images of T-CuNW and T-CuNW@ppy samples [(a)—(d)], HAADF-STEM diagram (e) and EDS diagram [(f)—(h)] of T-CuNW-10 sample

图4 样品的TEM图、拉曼光谱图及XPS谱图

Fig.4 TEM, Raman and XPS spectra of samples

图5 T-CuNW@ppy系列样品在1 mol·L-1 KOH电解液（a）和1 mol·L-1 KOH+0.1 mol·L-1 KNO3电解液(b)中的LSV曲线；不同电压下系列样品在1 mol·L-1 KOH+0.1 mol·L-1 KNO3溶液中的i-t曲线[(c) T-CuNW; (d) T-CuNW-5; (e) T-CuNW-10; (f) T-CuNW-20]；不同电压下T-CuNW、ppy和T-CuNW@ppy系列样品在1 mol·L-1 KOH+0.1 mol·L-1 KNO3溶液中的NH3产品活性(g)和NH3的法拉第效率(h);T-CuNW-10在-0.4 V (vs RHE)下1 mol·L-1 KOH（有0.1 mol·L-1 KNO3、无0.1 mol·L-1 KNO3）溶液中和无施加偏压下1 mol·L-1 KOH（有0.1 mol·L-1 KNO3）溶液中的NH3产量(i)

Fig.5 LSV polarization curves of as-synthesized samples in electrolytes using 0.1 mol·L-1 KOH as solvent without (a) and with (b) adding 0.1 mol·L-1NO3-; i-t curves of as-synthesized samples [(c) T-CuNW; (d) T-CuNW-5; (e) T-CuNW-10, (f) T-CuNW-20]; eNITRR performance of as-synthesized samples under different potential in 1 mol·L-1 KOH with 0.1 mol·L-1 KNO3 (g), FE of as-synthesized samples under different potential in 1 mol·L-1 KOH with 0.1 mol·L-1 KNO3 (h); eNITRR performance of T-CuNW-10 in electrolytes using 0.1 mol·L-1 KOH as solvent without and with adding 0.1 mol·L-1NO3- (i)

表2 T-CuNW、T-CuNW@ppy与其他典型材料的硝酸根还原制氨活性比较

Table 2 Comparison of eNITRR performance of T-CuNW， T-CuNW@ppy and other typical materials

催化剂	偏压(vs RHE)/V	NH₃产生速率	法拉第效率/%	文献
T-CuNW	-0.4	12.04 $m g \cdot m g_{}^{- 1} \cdot h^{- 1}$ (12.04 mg·cm^-2· h^-1)	84.1	本论文
T-CuNW@ppy	-0.4	13.83 $m g \cdot m g_{}^{- 1} \cdot h^{- 1}$ (13.83 mg·cm^-2· h^-1)	83.0	本论文
Cu₄₉Fe₁-NRA	-0.7	4.08 mg·cm^-2·h^-1	94.5	[32]
Cu SACs	-0.9	1.12 mg·cm^-2·h^-1	85.5	[33]
Cu₁Co₁HHTP	-0.6	5.09 mg·cm^-2·h^-1	96.4	[34]
Cu-Fe₂O₃	-0.6	179.55 $m g \cdot m g_{}^{- 1} \cdot h^{- 1}$	约100	[35]
Cu Ni NPS/CF	-0.48	94.57 mg· cm^-2·h^-1	97.0	[36]
T40-CuNCs	-0.6	2.62 mg·cm^-2·h^-1	96.8	[37]
Cu SCCs	-0.5	1.99 mg·cm^-2·h^-1	96.0	[38]
Cu-HTBs	-0.7	23789.8 $m g \cdot m g_{}^{- 1} \cdot h^{- 1}$	90.0	[39]
Cu₅Pd NCs	-0.7	32 mg·cm^-2·h^-1	95.5	[40]
Ru_0.15Cu_0.85	-0.2	26.25 $μ g \cdot m g_{}^{- 1} \cdot h^{- 1}$	4.4	[41]

表2 T-CuNW、T-CuNW@ppy与其他典型材料的硝酸根还原制氨活性比较

Table 2 Comparison of eNITRR performance of T-CuNW， T-CuNW@ppy and other typical materials

催化剂	偏压(vs RHE)/V	NH₃产生速率	法拉第效率/%	文献
T-CuNW	-0.4	12.04 $m g \cdot m g_{}^{- 1} \cdot h^{- 1}$ (12.04 mg·cm^-2· h^-1)	84.1	本论文
T-CuNW@ppy	-0.4	13.83 $m g \cdot m g_{}^{- 1} \cdot h^{- 1}$ (13.83 mg·cm^-2· h^-1)	83.0	本论文
Cu₄₉Fe₁-NRA	-0.7	4.08 mg·cm^-2·h^-1	94.5	[32]
Cu SACs	-0.9	1.12 mg·cm^-2·h^-1	85.5	[33]
Cu₁Co₁HHTP	-0.6	5.09 mg·cm^-2·h^-1	96.4	[34]
Cu-Fe₂O₃	-0.6	179.55 $m g \cdot m g_{}^{- 1} \cdot h^{- 1}$	约100	[35]
Cu Ni NPS/CF	-0.48	94.57 mg· cm^-2·h^-1	97.0	[36]
T40-CuNCs	-0.6	2.62 mg·cm^-2·h^-1	96.8	[37]
Cu SCCs	-0.5	1.99 mg·cm^-2·h^-1	96.0	[38]
Cu-HTBs	-0.7	23789.8 $m g \cdot m g_{}^{- 1} \cdot h^{- 1}$	90.0	[39]
Cu₅Pd NCs	-0.7	32 mg·cm^-2·h^-1	95.5	[40]
Ru_0.15Cu_0.85	-0.2	26.25 $μ g \cdot m g_{}^{- 1} \cdot h^{- 1}$	4.4	[41]

图6 （a）T-CuNW-10在-0.4 V（vs RHE）下含有0.1 mol·L-1NO3-的1 mol·L-1 KOH电解质中15次循环测试的NH3 产品活性和产NH3的法拉第效率; T-CuNW-10在-0.4 V（vs RHE）下1 mol·L-1 KOH+0.1 mol·L-1 KNO3电解质中（b）反应物NO3--N,产物NO2--N、NH3-N浓度和产NH3的法拉第效率随时间的变化规律以及（c）产NH3和NO2-的法拉第效率随时间的变化规律;（d）T-CuNW-10在-0.4 V（vs RHE）下1 mol·L-1 KOH+0.1 mol·L-1 KNO3电解质中检测的总氮浓度随时间的变化规律; T-CuNW在-0.4 V（vs RHE）下含有不同初始浓度NO3-的1 mol·L-1 KOH电解质中的（e）NH3产生速率和产NH3的法拉第效率及（f）产NH3和NO2-的法拉第效率随初始NO3-浓度的变化规律

Fig.6 (a) Cycling tests of T-CuNW-10 for eNITRR tests at -0.4 V（vs RHE）; (b) Time dependent concentration change of NO3-, NO2- and NH3 over T-CuNW-10 at -0.4 V（vs RHE）; (c) Time dependent concentration change of FE; (d) Time dependent concentration change of total nitrogen at -0.4 V（vs RHE）; (e) NH3 yield rate and FE of T-CuNW-10 with different concentrations of nitrate; (f) FE of NH3 and NO2- on T-CuNW-10 with different concentrations of nitrate

图7 （a）T-CuNW-10和T-CuNW催化剂在1 mol·L-1 KOH溶液中的开路电位-时间曲线；（b）T-CuNW-10和T-CuNW催化剂在1 mol·L-1 KOH溶液中的极化曲线；（c）T-CuNW和（d）T-CuNW-10催化剂在1 mol·L-1 KOH溶液中的Tafel拟合曲线;（e）T-CuNW和（f）T-CuNW-10两种催化剂疏水性测试;（g）T-CuNW-10和T-CuNW催化剂在1 mol·L-1 Na2SO4溶液中的电化学阻抗谱图；（h）T-CuNW-10和（i）T-CuNW催化剂在不同扫描速率下的循环伏安曲线（CV）；（j）电流密度差与扫描速率的线性拟合曲线

Fig.7 (a) Open circuit potentials decays with rest time; (b) Polarization curves; (c),(d) Curve of Tafel; (e)，(f)Contact angle measurements; (g) Nyquist plots for the as-synthesized samples; (h)，（i） Cyclic voltammograms; (j) Linear regression curve of difference in current density and scanning rate

表3 T-CuNW-10和T-CuNW催化剂在1 mol·L-1 KOH溶液中的Tafel曲线拟合值

Table 3 Tafel curve fitting values of T-CUNW-10 and T-CuNW catalysts in 1 mol·L-1 KOH solution

样品名称	E_corr /mV	i_corr/(μA·cm^-2)
T-CuNW	-416.90	21.01
T-CuNW-10	-137.98	3.14

表4 T-CuNW-10的ECSA分析结果及与T-CuNW的对比

Table 4 ECSA test of T-CUNW-10 and T-CuNW

样品名称	C_dl/(mF·cm^-2)	ECSA/cm²
T-CuNW	2.56	64
T-CuNW-10	8	200

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五重孪晶铜纳米线@聚吡咯制备及其电催化硝酸盐还原制氨

Preparation of five-fold twinned copper nanowires@polypyrrole and their electrocatalytic conversion of nitrate to ammonia

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