落地油泥热解特性及工艺系统能量平衡分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241133

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

热解法可快速实现低含油量落地油泥的无害化处理与资源化利用，但其高含水量的特点会造成大量能量损耗，热解处理过程中的能量平衡问题不容忽视。对落地油泥开展了相关热解实验，利用Aspen Plus软件对热解工艺流程进行建模，通过改变初始含水率、热解温度、焦炭燃烧比等参数，分析工艺系统实现能量自平衡的可能性。结果表明：在450℃时，热解油中烃类物质含量高达71.6%，热解温度低于450℃时得到的热解油品质较高，C₆~C₃₀的占比超过90%。在不同热解温度下焦炭燃烧比均不超过100%，系统可以通过调节焦炭燃烧比实现对落地油泥干燥和热解处理过程的能量自平衡。降低油泥的初始含水率有利于减少系统的能耗，初始含水率越低系统能量自平衡越容易，如落地油泥经脱水处理后含水率仍然较高时，工艺系统可以通过适当提高热解温度来继续保持能量平衡。

关键词: 落地油泥, 热解, 工艺系统, 能量自平衡

Abstract:

Pyrolysis can quickly achieve the harmless treatment and resource utilisation of low oil content landed oil sludge, but its high water content will cause a large amount of energy loss, and the energy balance problem in the pyrolysis process should not be neglected. In this paper, the pyrolysis experiments were carried out on the landed oil sludge, and the pyrolysis process was modelled using Aspen Plus software. By changing parameters such as initial water content, pyrolysis temperature, and coke combustion ratio, the possibility of achieving energy self-balance in the process system was analyzed. The results showed that the hydrocarbon content in the pyrolysis oil was as high as 71.6% at 450℃, and the pyrolysis oil obtained at pyrolysis temperatures lower than 450℃ was of high quality, with the proportion of C₆—C₃₀ exceeding 90%. At different pyrolysis temperatures, the coke combustion ratio does not exceed 100%, and the system can adjust the coke combustion ratio to achieve energy self-balance for the drying and pyrolysis process of grounded oil sludge. Lowering the initial water content of the sludge will help to reduce the energy consumption of the system, the lower the initial water content, the easier the energy self-balance of the system, such as after dewatering and treatment of the oil sludge is still high in water content, the process system can be used to increase the pyrolysis temperature to continue to maintain the energy balance.

Key words: landed oil sludge, pyrolysis, process system, energy self-balance

中图分类号:

TE 992.4

刘亮, 吴佳俊, 卿梦霞, 周光亚, 贺梓航. 落地油泥热解特性及工艺系统能量平衡分析[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(4): 1779-1787.

Liang LIU, Jiajun WU, Mengxia QING, Guangya ZHOU, Zihang HE. Characteristics of landed oil sludge pyrolysis and energy balance analysis of the process system[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(4): 1779-1787.

图/表 12

表1 落地油泥的工业分析和元素分析

Table 1 Industrial analysis and elemental analysis of ground oil sludge

M_ar/%	A_d/%	V_d/%	FC_d/%	C_d/%	H_d/%	N_d/%	S_d/%	$O d ①$ /%
10~40	73.58	20.95	5.47	15.13	2.23	0.43	1.06	7.57

表1 落地油泥的工业分析和元素分析

Table 1 Industrial analysis and elemental analysis of ground oil sludge

M_ar/%	A_d/%	V_d/%	FC_d/%	C_d/%	H_d/%	N_d/%	S_d/%	$O d ①$ /%
10~40	73.58	20.95	5.47	15.13	2.23	0.43	1.06	7.57

图1 热解实验装置

Fig.1 Pyrolysis experimental setup

图2 热解工艺流程

Fig.2 Pyrolysis process flow chart

图3 基于Aspen Plus的热解工艺流程

Fig.3 Pyrolysis process based on Aspen Plus

表2 Aspen Plus模拟流程单元操作模块及功能

Table 2 Aspen Plus simulates process unit operating modules and functions

操作单元	模块	功能
干燥单元	RSTOIC	干燥油泥
干燥单元	FLASH	气固分离
粉碎单元	CRUSHER	粉碎油泥
热解单元	RYIELD	将干燥油泥分解成系统可识别的单质
热解单元	RYIELD	生成热解产物
分离单元	SSPLIT	气固分离
燃烧单元	RGIBBS	可燃气体燃烧
换热器	HEAT1	热解过程提供热量
换热器	HEAT2	干燥过程提供热量
换热效率	MULT	调节换热效率
分配单元	FSPLIT	调节焦炭燃烧比

图4 落地油泥TG和DTG曲线

Fig.4 TG and DTG curves of ground oil sludge

图5 热解温度对的三相产物产率的影响

Fig.5 Yield of pyrolysis products at different pyrolysis temperatures

图6 不同热解温度下热解气组分分布

Fig.6 Gas component content at different pyrolysis temperatures

图7 不同温度下热解油的产物分布(a)和烃类的碳数分布(b)

Fig.7 Product distribution of pyrolysis oil (a) and carbon number distribution of hydrocarbons (b) at different temperatures

图8 热解温度(a)和含水率(b)对系统能量的影响

Fig.8 Effect of pyrolysis temperature (a) and water content (b) on system energy

图9 热解温度对焦炭燃烧比的影响

Fig.9 Effect of of pyrolysis temperature on coke combustion ratio

图10 热解温度对临界含水率的影响

Fig.10 Effect of pyrolysis temperature on critical moisture content

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