弯曲表面核沸腾气泡特性与传热研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250245

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着工业的发展，液化石油气储存的安全问题越来越重要。油气球形储罐泄漏以沸腾液体膨胀蒸汽爆炸（BLEVE）为主，严重影响着工作人员的安全。因此研究不同曲率曲面沸腾过程，快速降低传热系数（HTC）十分关键。研究了四种不同曲率曲面对沸腾的影响，并对气泡的传热特性和动力学进行讨论。研究结果表明，除了曲率为47^-1 mm^-1的表面，其余表面传热系数随着曲率的增大不断增大。相较于平面沸腾，曲面沸腾实现了气泡的定向输运，加快了表面气泡的更新速率，从而提高了沸腾过程中的临界热通量（CHF）和传热系数，其中曲率为47^-1 mm^-1的曲面圆心角0°处CHF最高，为138.8 W/cm²，相较于光滑平表面升高了26.2%，其对应的表面温度为111.4℃。

关键词: 沸腾液体膨胀蒸汽爆炸, 传热, 曲面沸腾, 气泡, 动力学

Abstract:

With the development of industry, the safety problem of liquefied petroleum gas storage is becoming more and more important. The leakage of spherical oil tanks is mainly boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE), which seriously affects the safety of workers. Therefore, it is very crucial to study boiling process on different curved surfaces and quickly reduce the heat transfer coefficient (HTC). The influence of four different curved surfaces on boiling was investigated, and the heat transfer and dynamics of bubbles were discussed. The results show that except for the surface with a curvature of 47^-1 mm^-1, the heat transfer coefficient of the remaining surfaces increases with the increase of curvature. Compared with plane boiling, curved surface boiling realizes directional transport of bubbles and accelerates the renewal rate of surface bubbles, thereby increasing the critical heat flux (CHF) and heat transfer coefficient during boiling. Among them, the CHF at the center angle of 0° of curved surface with a curvature of 47^-1 mm^-1 is the highest, which is 138.8 W/cm², an increase of 26.2% compared with the smooth plane surface, and the corresponding surface temperature is 111.4℃.

Key words: boiling liquid expansion vapor explosion, heat transfer, curved surface boiling, bubble, kinetics

中图分类号:

TQ 026.4

汪嘉辉, 刘旭, 张楠, 郑毅, 马学虎. 弯曲表面核沸腾气泡特性与传热研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(12): 6257-6267.

Jiahui WANG, Xu LIU, Nan ZHANG, Yi ZHENG, Xuehu MA. Research on the characteristics and heat transfer of nucleate boiling bubbles on curved surfaces[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(12): 6257-6267.

图/表 15

图1 沸腾曲线图[17]

Fig.1 Boiling curve[17]

图2 不同曲率曲面

Fig.2 Different curvature of surfaces

图3 光滑铜表面接触角

Fig.3 Contact angle of smooth copper surface

图4 实验装置实物图(a)与流程图(b)

Fig.4 Physical picture of experimental setup (a) and flow chart (b)

图5 沸腾腔室爆炸视图

Fig.5 Explosion view of boiling chamber

图6 实验台稳定性验证

Fig.6 Stability verification of experimental device

图7 不同曲率曲面气泡合并

Fig.7 Bubble merging of different curvature of surfaces

图8 气泡三相线滑移现象

Fig.8 Bubble three phase line slip phenomenon

图9 不同曲率曲面气泡滑移距离和不同曲率曲面气泡脱离时间

Fig.9 Bubble slip distance on surfaces with different curvatures and bubble detachment time on surfaces with different curvatures

图10 曲面沸腾态转变

Fig.10 Boiling state transition of curved surface

图11 不同曲率曲面圆心角0°处沸腾传热

Fig.11 Boiling heat transfer at the central angle of 0° on surfaces with different curvatures

图12 不同曲率曲面圆心角10°处沸腾传热

Fig.12 Boiling heat transfer at a central angle of 10° on surfaces with different curvatures

图13 不同曲率曲面圆心角30°处沸腾传热图

Fig.13 Boiling heat transfer diagram at a central angle of 30° on surfaces with different curvatures

图14 不同曲率曲面核化点位数统计

Fig.14 Statistics of the number of nucleation points for surfaces with different curvatures

图15 不同曲率曲面ONB

Fig.15 ONB of different curvature surfaces

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