Progress of biological characterization and mechanism of enzymatic degradation of microcystinase

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191008

Abstract

Abstract:

The microcystins (MCs) produced and released by cyanobacteria blooms are highly stable in the natural environment and are difficult to be effectively removed by traditional water treatment technologies, posing a serious threat to drinking water safety and ecosystems. Microbial biodegradation is an effective strategy where microbial metabolic potential can be harnessed forin-situ andex-situ detoxification of MCs. At present, many studies have shown that some bacteria isolated from water bodies and sediments are capable of degrading MCs, which as an efficient and environmentally friendly strategy for MCs removal. The critical enzyme identified in bacterial strains is referred to as MlrA (also known as microcystinase), play a major role in the water body bioremediation process, responsible for catalyzing the first step reaction in the MCs biodegradation pathway. In this paper, based on evolutionary relationships of MlrA, reviews the characteristics of enzyme activity, molecular structure and catalytic mechanism of this enzyme. The further research subjects of MlrA were also proposed. This review could provide a reference for bioremediation of contaminated water environment.

Key words: microcystins, enzyme, biocatalysis, microcystinase, molecular biology

摘要：

蓝藻水华产生并释放的微囊藻毒素（microcystins, MCs）在自然环境中高度稳定，难以被传统水处理技术有效去除，对饮用水安全及生态系统构成严重威胁。通过微生物代谢作用，可实现MCs的高效原位酶促降解。目前，已从天然水体及其沉积物中表征部分具有高效降解MCs能力的细菌，且在酶促途径中鉴别出负责催化起始反应的关键水解酶MlrA（即microcystinase）。本文在阐明MlrA进化关系的基础上，就该酶的活性特征、分子结构与催化机理进行了综述，并对MlrA的研究方向进行了展望，以期为水环境的生物修复提供参考。

关键词: 微囊藻毒素, 酶, 生物催化, MlrA, 分子生物学

CLC Number:

Q 71

Yu PAN, Huasheng WANG, Hongfeng ZHAN, Huanhuan SUN. Progress of biological characterization and mechanism of enzymatic degradation of microcystinase[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(3): 945-954.

潘禹, 王华生, 詹鸿峰, 孙缓缓. 微囊藻毒素降解酶MlrA的生物学特征及催化机理研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(3): 945-954.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig.1 General chemical structure of MCs

Fig.2 Sequence alignment of MlrA from different strains

Fig.3 Three dimensional structure ofMmRce1 (a) and MlrA (b)

Fig.4 Crystal structure of MlrA catalytic site

Fig.5 Domain organisation of MlrA

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