Experimental study on expansion rate and fire extinguishing effectiveness after modification of vermiculite powder and ionic solution

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200860

Abstract

Abstract:

Expandable vermiculite powder was selected as the fire extinguishing powder in the study to improve the extinguishing effectiveness. Meanwhile, the expandable vermiculite powder was modified by the water solution of NaCl, NaHCO₃, MgCl₂ and KCl, respectively. Subsequently, the expansion rate, extinguishing fire effectiveness including extinguishing time and re-burning condition of the original and modified vermiculite powder were studied and analyzed. The results show that the expansion rate was increasing with the increase of vermiculite powder diameter. In addition, the expansion rate will increase obvious after the modification, in which the expansion rate of modified vermiculite powder by MgCl₂ is the largest, approximately 2.4. In the respect of extinguishing time, the order of extinguishing fire effectiveness from high to low is NaHCO₃ modified vermiculite powder, KCl modified vermiculite powder, NaCl modified vermiculite powder, MgCl₂ modified vermiculite powder, origin vermiculite powder and ABC dry powder fire extinguishing agent. From the perspective of the amount of fire extinguishing agent, it can be concluded that the amount of modified vermiculite powder is significantly less than that of unmodified vermiculite powder. Among them, the amount of NaHCO₃ modified vermiculite powder is relatively close to that of ABC dry powder fire extinguishing agent. In the re-ignition experiments, it was found that the density of vermiculite powder after expansion is lower and the expanded vermiculite powder can effectively cover the oil surface to prevent the oil fire re-burning.

Key words: vermiculite powder, modified treat, expansion rate, extinguishing time, fire re-burning experiment, safety

摘要：

为了研发高效干粉灭火剂粉体，提升干粉灭火剂的灭火效果，本文以蛭石粉为研究对象，采用NaCl、NaHCO₃、MgCl₂和KCl四类离子溶液对不同粒径的蛭石粉进行改性处理，并分析了原始蛭石粉末以及改性后的蛭石粉的膨胀率和表面微观结构。随后开展了ABC干粉灭火剂、未改性蛭石粉、MgCl₂改性蛭石粉、NaCl改性蛭石粉、KCl改性蛭石粉、NaHCO₃改性蛭石粉扑灭油池火实验，分析了灭火时间、灭火剂用量以及复燃情况。研究结果表明：粒径150 μm的蛭石粉末膨胀率最大，且经过改性的蛭石粉末的膨胀率要明显大于原始蛭石粉末，其中MgCl₂改性后的蛭石粉膨胀率最大，接近2.4左右；从灭火时间来看，灭火效果从低到高依次为ABC干粉灭火剂、未改性蛭石粉、MgCl₂改性蛭石粉、NaCl改性蛭石粉、KCl改性蛭石粉、NaHCO₃改性蛭石粉；从灭火剂用量角度可得出：改性蛭石粉灭火用量要明显小于未改性蛭石粉。其中，NaHCO₃改性蛭石粉用量与ABC干粉灭火剂用量相对接近。从复燃角度来看，膨胀蛭石粉末的密度较小，可长时间悬浮在油品表面，有效阻止复燃，效果明显优于传统的ABC类干粉灭火剂。

关键词: 蛭石粉体, 改性, 膨胀率, 灭火时间, 复燃实验, 安全

CLC Number:

TIAN Fengshi, DONG Xinxin, SHU Xueming, ZHAO Jinlong. Experimental study on expansion rate and fire extinguishing effectiveness after modification of vermiculite powder and ionic solution[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(3): 1761-1768.

田逢时, 董欣欣, 疏学明, 赵金龙. 蛭石粉末及离子溶液改性后膨胀率和灭火有效性分析[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(3): 1761-1768.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 The structure of vermiculite crystals

Table 1 The detail components of the expanded vermiculite powder in the experiments

成分	含量/%
SiO₂	37.56
Al₂O₃	11.85
Fe₂O₃	5.15
CaO	1.51
MgO	22.44
TiO₂	1.05
K₂O	6.39
P₂O₅	0.085
S	0.046
MnO	0.030
H₂O	7.18
loss on ignition	6.71

Fig.2 The schematic of experimental setup for suppressing oil pool fire with expandable dry powder fire extinguishing agent

Fig.3 The comparison of expansion rate between the original vermiculite powder and modified vermiculite powder

Fig.4 The structure comparison between original vermiculite powder and expanded vermiculite powder after high temperature

Fig.5 The development of pool fire and the extinguishing process by the vermiculite powder

Fig.6 The extinguishing effects by different agents

Fig.7 The used mass of extinguishing agent after the fire extinguishment

Fig.8 The re-burn conditions after the extinguishment by ABC dry power agent

Fig.9 The re-burning conditions after the extinguishment by NaHCO3 modified vermiculite powder

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