Abstract:

Since its inception in 1921, the fluidization science and technology has gone through rapid and successful developments. The first half century has not only seen many new fluidization processes developed in the industry, but also many theoretical and fundamental studies which served as solid building blocks for the advancements. The early theoretical research on fluidization was first represented by Lewis and Elgin of the "American School", who adopted a "general" research approach based on uniformly suspended single particle flow. Then, the two-phase theory was proposed by Toomey, Rowe and Davidson of the "British School", who adopted a "regional" research approach based on dividing and examining different phases to characterize the aggregative nature of fluidization. In addition, Wilhelm and Kwauk proposed the classification of particulate and aggregative fluidization, Ergun and Richardson-Zaki put forward the several basic equations of fluidization for minimum fluidization velocity, bed pressure drop and bed expansion. These results are the cornerstone of fluidization research. The development of early theories are still of great significance that continue to influence the current research strategies and directions, and provide the basis for enhancing multiphase flow reaction processes, for the economic and social developments, and for achieving the strategic objectives of energy conservation, emission reduction and carbon neutralization.

Key words: fluidization, early development, theory, review, future perspective

摘要：

自1921年至今，流态化科学与技术的发展迎来了其辉煌的百年。前半个世纪的发展中，在大力推广其工业应用的同时，科学家们做了许多基础理论研究，为流态化的发展奠定了牢固的基石。流态化的早期理论研究，先是以“美国派”的Lewis、Elgin等学者为代表的，以单颗粒流动为主线的“概括式”研究方式，然后是以“英国派”的Toomey、Rowe、Davidson等学者为代表的，以气固分相为特征开发出气固流化系统理论的“区域式”研究方式。另外，Wilhelm和Kwauk提出了散式与聚式流态化分类，Ergun和Richardson-Zaki提出了最小流态化速度及床层压降和床层膨胀的流态化基本方程。这些早期流态化理论的发展不仅促发了流态化后半个世纪的多样性应用，而且对启迪后续的研究方向，强化多相流反应过程，使之更好地服务于经济社会的发展，并对实现节能减排和碳中和的战略目标具有重要意义。

关键词: 流态化, 早期发展, 理论, 回顾, 未来展望