Heat transfer performance of cold plates with different turbulence structures

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20221487

Abstract

Abstract:

Cold plate is the core component of indirect liquid cooling system of electronic equipment. Adding spoiler columns to the internal flow channel of cold plate can improve the heat transfer capacity of cold plate. In the design of cold plate spoiler column, it is necessary to consider both reducing the heat source temperature and reducing the pressure loss of fluid flowing through the flow passage. Combined with heat source temperature, fluid pressure drops, and power source energy consumption, the heat transfer performance of cold plate with inner flow channels containing rhombus, cylinder and droplet turbulence was studied. The results show that the heat transfer performance of the cold plate with the droplet column structure is the best, and the heat transfer performance of the cold plate is the best when the ratio of droplet column length to width is 2.5∶1. The heat transfer performance of the cold plate can be further improved by reducing the size of the droplet column and increasing the number and density of the droplet column. In the experiments of this study, the heat transfer performance of droplet turbulence cold plate improves about 60％ compared with none turbulence cold plate.

Key words: heat transfer, convection, optimal design, cold plate, turbulence structure

摘要：

冷板是电子设备间接液冷系统的核心部件，在冷板内部流道增加扰流柱可以提高冷板的传热能力，在进行冷板扰流柱的设计时需兼顾降低热源温度与降低流体流过流道的压力损失两方面。结合热源温度、流体压降以及动力源耗能等因素，对内部流道含有菱柱、圆柱、水滴柱扰流结构的冷板的传热性能进行了研究。研究结果表明：含有水滴柱扰流结构的冷板的传热性能最好，且水滴扰流柱长宽比例在2.5∶1时冷板的传热性能最佳，通过缩小扰流柱尺寸、增加扰流柱数量及密度的方式可进一步提高冷板的传热性能。在本研究所实验测试的工况中，水滴柱扰流结构冷板相较于无扰流冷板，散热效果提高了60%左右。

关键词: 传热, 对流, 优化设计, 冷板, 扰流结构

CLC Number:

TQ 051.5

Jiyuan LI, Jinwang LI, Liuwei ZHOU. Heat transfer performance of cold plates with different turbulence structures[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(4): 1474-1488.

李纪元, 李金旺, 周刘伟. 不同扰流结构冷板传热性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(4): 1474-1488.

Figures/Tables 27

Fig.1 Structural diagram of cold plate heat dissipation system

Fig.2 Three-dimensional structure of S-type cold plate

Table 1 Comparison of flow channel parameters of spoiler structure

编号	结构	扰流柱截面积/mm²	流道底面积/mm²	流道侧面积/mm²
1	无扰柱	0	224.0	705.9
2	菱柱	3.1	186.3	1015.9
3	圆柱	3.1	186.3	1014.3
4	水滴柱	3.1	186.3	1015.1

Fig.3 The influence of grid number on heat source temperature rise

Table 2 Heat transfer capacity of cold plate

编号	结构	内部流速/(m/s)	当量直径/m	Reynolds数	Nusselt数	对流传热系数/(W/(m²·K))
1	无扰流柱	0.29	0.0048	1758.01	8.84	1137.48
2	有扰流柱（分离段）	0.29~0.58	0.0017~0.003	1098.76~1255.72	1.30~3.24	267.01~1168.72
3	有扰流柱（汇合段）	0.29~0.58	0.003~0.0048	1758.01~2197.51	8.84~13.24	1137.48~2725.77

Fig.4 The influence of flow velocity on heat source temperature and pressure drop

Fig.5 The influence of energy consumption on heat source temperature

Table 3 Temperature rise and proportion of four flow channel structures under the same energy consumption

结构	温升值/K	热源温度/K	温升降低比例/%
无扰流柱	6.14	306.14	-
菱柱	4.55	304.55	25.90
圆柱	3.86	303.86	37.13
水滴柱	3.90	303.90	36.48

Fig.6 Velocity vector diagram of three kinds of spoiler structure

Table 4 Comparison of flow channel parameters of droplet column turbulence structure

编号	水滴柱长宽比	水滴柱总长度/mm	流道底面积/mm²	流道侧面积/mm²
1	1.5∶1	3	181.15	1038.05
2	2∶1	4	169.15	1099.42
3	2.5∶1	5	157.15	1165.78
4	3∶1	6	145.15	1234.31

Fig.7 The influence of flow velocity of droplet column on heat source temperature and pressure drop

Fig.8 Temperature distribution curve of heat source of water drop column structure with different lengths

Table 5 Temperature rise and proportion of water droplet column structure channel under the same ideal energy consumption

流道类型	温升值/K	热源温度/K
3 mm水滴柱流道	3.91	303.91	36.32
4 mm水滴柱流道	3.81	303.81	37.95
5 mm水滴柱流道	3.77	303.77	38.60
6 mm水滴柱流道	3.81	303.81	37.95

Fig.9 Velocity vector diagram of droplet column structure

Fig.10 Equalized pressure and maximum pressure on the inflow surface of the spoiler cylinder

Fig.11 Surface velocity of inflow of the spoiler

Table 6 Comparison of density parameters of flow passage disturbance column

编号	扰流柱排数	扰流柱宽度/mm	扰流柱数量/个	流道底面积/mm²	流道侧面积/mm²
1	2	3.0	16	942.90	2081.71
2	3	2.0	36	942.90	2901.63
3	4	1.5	64	942.90	3721.57
4	6	1.0	144	942.90	5361.39

Fig.12 Minimum size of flow channel with different number of spoiler rows

Fig.13 The influence of different row number of droplet column runner on heat source temperature and pressure drop

Fig.14 Temperature distribution curve of heat source with different row number of droplet column structure

Fig.15 Equalized pressure and maximum pressure on the inflow surface of the droplet column structure with different row number

Fig.16 Droplet column structure cold plate

Fig.17 Cold plate structure size

Fig.18 Schematic diagram of experimental equipment

Fig.19 Heating diagram of heat source with no turbulence structure

Fig.20 Heating diagram of heat source with droplet column structure

Fig.21 Stable temperature of two heat sources of cold plates

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