CIESC Journal ›› 2025, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (5): 1927-1942.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20241207
• Reviews and monographs • Previous Articles
Yanan YANG(
), Shengran CHANG, Songlin XUE, Jianming PAN(), Weihong XING()
Received:2024-10-30
Revised:2025-01-10
Online:2025-06-13
Published:2025-05-25
Contact:
Jianming PAN, Weihong XING
杨雅南(), 常胜然, 薛松林, 潘建明(), 邢卫红()
通讯作者:
潘建明,邢卫红
作者简介:杨雅南（2001—），女，硕士研究生，2222312083@stmail.ujs.edu.cn
基金资助:CLC Number:
Yanan YANG, Shengran CHANG, Songlin XUE, Jianming PAN, Weihong XING. Progress of research on photo- and electric-driven to promote uranium and lithium extraction from seawater[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(5): 1927-1942.
杨雅南, 常胜然, 薛松林, 潘建明, 邢卫红. 基于光、电驱动促进海水中铀和锂提取的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(5): 1927-1942.
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Fig.1 Related technologies of uranium and lithium extraction from seawater
Fig.2 Schematic diagram of solvent-assisted ligand-bound uranium extraction MOF and mechanistic diagram of photocatalytic reduction of uranium by PN-PCN-222[47]
Fig.3 Synthesis schematic and photo-enhanced skeleton design strategy of amidoxime functionalized COFs[48]
Fig.4 Synthetic route for the amidoxime of In-N x -C[67]
Fig.5 Schematic synthesis of TFPM-PDAN and TFPM-PDAN-AO[71]
Fig.6 A schematic diagram of the series dehydration process for uranium extraction and enrichment in electrodialysis[73]Cout—concentrate outlet; Cin—concentrate inlet; Dout—diluted effluent; Din—diluent inlet
| 类型 | 分类 | 材料 | 铀吸附量/(mg·g-1) | 铀还原效率/ 铀富集效率 | 溶液形式 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 基于光驱动 | 元素掺杂 | Sn-In2S3微球[ | 约112.83 | — | — |
| g-C3N4(S/P/B)[ | — | — | — | ||
| 界面修饰 | PN-PCN-222[ | 1289.3 | 96.7% | 模拟海水 | |
| TTh-COF-AO[ | 10.24 | — | 自然海水 | ||
TpBD-X[ （X = —OH、—NH、—OCH、—NO、—SOH） | — | 73.11% (max) | 模拟海水 | ||
| 缺陷工程及异质结引入 | ZnFe2O4/g-C3N4 Z-scheme异质结[ | 1892.4 | 94.62% | 模拟海水 | |
| AO-C3N4[ | 850 μg·g-1 | 94.2% | 自然海水 | ||
| CN550[ | 1057.3 (明黄色变至完全透明) | — | 模拟海水/ 自然海水 | ||
| 基于电驱动 | 电容去离子 | WO3/C复合电极[ | 449.9 | 71% | 模拟海水 |
In-N x -C-R[ （R为偕胺肟基团） | 12.7 | >90% | 自然海水 | ||
| 电沉积 | Fe-N x -C-R[ | 1.2 | — | 自然海水 | |
| MPSOF[ | 1.21 | — | 自然海水 | ||
| TFPM-PDAN-AO[ | 12.8 （20 d） | 98.2% | 自然海水 | ||
| 电渗析 | CJMC-5阳离子交换膜[ | — | >80% | 模拟海水 | |
| PAO交换膜[ | — | 30%（与未掺杂PAO相比） | 模拟海水 |
Table 1 Recent advances based on photo/electric-driven methods for uranium extraction from seawater
| 类型 | 分类 | 材料 | 铀吸附量/(mg·g-1) | 铀还原效率/ 铀富集效率 | 溶液形式 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 基于光驱动 | 元素掺杂 | Sn-In2S3微球[ | 约112.83 | — | — |
| g-C3N4(S/P/B)[ | — | — | — | ||
| 界面修饰 | PN-PCN-222[ | 1289.3 | 96.7% | 模拟海水 | |
| TTh-COF-AO[ | 10.24 | — | 自然海水 | ||
TpBD-X[ （X = —OH、—NH、—OCH、—NO、—SOH） | — | 73.11% (max) | 模拟海水 | ||
| 缺陷工程及异质结引入 | ZnFe2O4/g-C3N4 Z-scheme异质结[ | 1892.4 | 94.62% | 模拟海水 | |
| AO-C3N4[ | 850 μg·g-1 | 94.2% | 自然海水 | ||
| CN550[ | 1057.3 (明黄色变至完全透明) | — | 模拟海水/ 自然海水 | ||
| 基于电驱动 | 电容去离子 | WO3/C复合电极[ | 449.9 | 71% | 模拟海水 |
In-N x -C-R[ （R为偕胺肟基团） | 12.7 | >90% | 自然海水 | ||
| 电沉积 | Fe-N x -C-R[ | 1.2 | — | 自然海水 | |
| MPSOF[ | 1.21 | — | 自然海水 | ||
| TFPM-PDAN-AO[ | 12.8 （20 d） | 98.2% | 自然海水 | ||
| 电渗析 | CJMC-5阳离子交换膜[ | — | >80% | 模拟海水 | |
| PAO交换膜[ | — | 30%（与未掺杂PAO相比） | 模拟海水 |
| 方法 | 优点 | 不足 | 研究重点 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 电容去离子 | 能耗低；操作简便；电极使用寿命长； 无其他化学试剂的引入 | 电极易堵塞；电解质系统复杂 | 提高电极材料的比表面积和电荷存储能力； 有效回收和处理吸附的铀离子 |
| 电沉积 | 可直接获取固体形式的铀；出售固体铀可降低运营成本；无须复杂的化学处理 | 存在副反应，会产生二次废物 | 提高电沉积效率和选择性；防止其他离子的共沉积 |
| 电渗析 | 引入离子交换膜；可实现连续操作 | 膜易被污染或堵塞；维修需要投入较高成本 | 提高离子交换膜的耐久性以降低成本； 提高能源效率 |
Table 2 Comparison of three types of electrically driven seawater-based uranium extraction
| 方法 | 优点 | 不足 | 研究重点 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 电容去离子 | 能耗低；操作简便；电极使用寿命长； 无其他化学试剂的引入 | 电极易堵塞；电解质系统复杂 | 提高电极材料的比表面积和电荷存储能力； 有效回收和处理吸附的铀离子 |
| 电沉积 | 可直接获取固体形式的铀；出售固体铀可降低运营成本；无须复杂的化学处理 | 存在副反应，会产生二次废物 | 提高电沉积效率和选择性；防止其他离子的共沉积 |
| 电渗析 | 引入离子交换膜；可实现连续操作 | 膜易被污染或堵塞；维修需要投入较高成本 | 提高离子交换膜的耐久性以降低成本； 提高能源效率 |
Fig.7 Design strategy of photothermal ion pump (PIP)[76]
Fig.8 Comparison of DEF felt synthesis routes and lithium adsorption efficiency[77]
Fig.9 Schematic diagram of LLTO membrane used in electrolytic cell and actual device for lithium enrichment[81]
Fig.10 Schematic diagram of electrochemical intercalation[84]
| 类型 | 分类 | 材料 | 锂吸附量/(mg·g-1) | 锂吸附效率 | 溶液形式 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 基于光驱动 | 光电化学 | InGaP/GaAs/Ge光电极[ | 783.56 | — | 自然海水 |
| 光热 | PIP[ | 1289.3 | 308.6 mg·m-2·d-1 | 自然海水 | |
| 改性复合材料 | 聚丙烯/聚乙烯芯鞘纤维毛毡[ | 约520 mg·m-2 | 9.368 mg·g-1·h-1 | 自然海水 | |
| 基于电驱动 | 电渗析 | LLTO膜[ | 9013.43 | 71% | 模拟海水 |
| M-GA/PEI膜[ | 12.7 | — | 自然海水 | ||
| 15CE/PEI-PDA-CR671膜[ | — | 90% | 模拟海水 | ||
| 电化学插层 | TiO2包覆LiFePO4电极[ | — | 94.3% ± 4.0% | 模拟海水 | |
| pD包覆LiFePO4电极[ | — | — | 模拟海水 | ||
| MnO2包覆LiFePO4电极[ | 20.6 | — | 自然海水 |
Table 3 Recent advances based on photo/electric-driven methods for lithium extraction from seawater
| 类型 | 分类 | 材料 | 锂吸附量/(mg·g-1) | 锂吸附效率 | 溶液形式 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 基于光驱动 | 光电化学 | InGaP/GaAs/Ge光电极[ | 783.56 | — | 自然海水 |
| 光热 | PIP[ | 1289.3 | 308.6 mg·m-2·d-1 | 自然海水 | |
| 改性复合材料 | 聚丙烯/聚乙烯芯鞘纤维毛毡[ | 约520 mg·m-2 | 9.368 mg·g-1·h-1 | 自然海水 | |
| 基于电驱动 | 电渗析 | LLTO膜[ | 9013.43 | 71% | 模拟海水 |
| M-GA/PEI膜[ | 12.7 | — | 自然海水 | ||
| 15CE/PEI-PDA-CR671膜[ | — | 90% | 模拟海水 | ||
| 电化学插层 | TiO2包覆LiFePO4电极[ | — | 94.3% ± 4.0% | 模拟海水 | |
| pD包覆LiFePO4电极[ | — | — | 模拟海水 | ||
| MnO2包覆LiFePO4电极[ | 20.6 | — | 自然海水 |
| 类型 | 材料 | 外加电压/电流 | 能耗/成本估算 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 基于电驱动提铀 | WO3/C复合电极[ | 1.2 V（恒定电压） | — |
In-N x -C-R[ （R为偕胺肟基团） | -5~0 V（交流电压） | 约806 USD·g-1 | |
| MPSOF[ | -3.5 V（交流电压） | — | |
| TFPM-PDAN-AO[ | -6~-1 V（交流电压） | — | |
| CJMC-5阳离子交换膜[ | 4 mA·cm-2（恒定电流） | 101.78 USD·m-3 | |
| Fe@PDACN[ | ≤-1.5 V（交流电压） | 3.22×10-2 USD·kg-1 | |
| 基于电驱动提锂 | LLTO膜[ | 0.6 V（恒定电压） | 46011.16 J |
| M-GA/PEI膜[ | — | 第一级 0.029~0.039 kWh·mol-1 第二级 0.011~0.014 kWh·mol-1 | |
| 15CE/PEI-PDA-CR671膜[ | 15.9 mA·cm-2 （恒定电流） | — | |
| TiO2包覆LiFePO4电极[ | 3.4 V （恒定电压） | — | |
| pD包覆LiFePO4电极[ | 1.3 mA （恒定电流） | — | |
| MnO2包覆LiFePO4电极[ | 0.5 mA （恒定电流） | 7.2 Wh |
Table 4 Energy and cost estimation of lithium and uranium extraction based on electrically-driven from seawater
| 类型 | 材料 | 外加电压/电流 | 能耗/成本估算 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 基于电驱动提铀 | WO3/C复合电极[ | 1.2 V（恒定电压） | — |
In-N x -C-R[ （R为偕胺肟基团） | -5~0 V（交流电压） | 约806 USD·g-1 | |
| MPSOF[ | -3.5 V（交流电压） | — | |
| TFPM-PDAN-AO[ | -6~-1 V（交流电压） | — | |
| CJMC-5阳离子交换膜[ | 4 mA·cm-2（恒定电流） | 101.78 USD·m-3 | |
| Fe@PDACN[ | ≤-1.5 V（交流电压） | 3.22×10-2 USD·kg-1 | |
| 基于电驱动提锂 | LLTO膜[ | 0.6 V（恒定电压） | 46011.16 J |
| M-GA/PEI膜[ | — | 第一级 0.029~0.039 kWh·mol-1 第二级 0.011~0.014 kWh·mol-1 | |
| 15CE/PEI-PDA-CR671膜[ | 15.9 mA·cm-2 （恒定电流） | — | |
| TiO2包覆LiFePO4电极[ | 3.4 V （恒定电压） | — | |
| pD包覆LiFePO4电极[ | 1.3 mA （恒定电流） | — | |
| MnO2包覆LiFePO4电极[ | 0.5 mA （恒定电流） | 7.2 Wh |
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