Characterisation of nitrogenous pollutants in solid wastes associated with waste incineration process using polymer non-catalytic reduction denitrification

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250226

Abstract

Abstract:

Polymer non-catalytic reduction (PNCR) denitrification agent and waste incineration bottom ash and fly ash generated during the application of the process were used as research objects, this study investigated the release and residual characteristics of elemental nitrogen in the thermal decomposition process of PNCR denitrification agent, characterised the structure of waste incineration bottom ash and fly ash, revealed the characteristics of nitrogen-containing pollutants in the bottom ash and fly ash of waste incineration after the application of PNCR denitration process, and probed the adsorption behaviour of the bottom ash and fly ash on ammonia and the characteristics of the release of pyrolysis. The results showed that the PNCR denitrator decomposed and released nitrogen almost completely under high temperature conditions, and the residual nitrogen-containing pollutants in bottom ash and fly ash were less than 0.5% (mass); GCMS and XPS showed that the nitrogen-containing substances in bottom ash and fly ash mainly existed in the form of inorganic nitrogen salts (nitrate, ammonium salts) and organic nitrogen (pyridines, pyrroles, and nitriles). Characterisation by TG-MS and in-situ IR as well as direct thermal desorption experiments revealed that the ammonia content released by heating was extremely low compared to other thermal desorption gases, the thermal decomposition products were mainly NO _x, and the residual capacity of free ammonia adsorption by fly ash and bottom ash was extremely low. The results of the study will provide theoretical support for the effective disposal of nitrogenous pollutants from solid wastes in the waste incineration industry, in order to promote the promotion and application of the PNCR denitrification process.

Key words: denitrator, PNCR, bottom ash, fly ash, nitrogenous pollutant, pyrolysis, waste incineration

摘要：

以高分子非催化还原（PNCR）脱硝剂及该工艺应用过程中产生的垃圾焚烧底灰和飞灰为对象，研究PNCR脱硝剂热分解过程氮元素释放与残留特征，表征垃圾焚烧底灰和飞灰结构，揭示PNCR脱硝工艺应用后垃圾焚烧的底灰和飞灰含氮污染物特征，探究底灰和飞灰对氨的吸附行为及热解释放特征。结果表明，PNCR脱硝剂在高温条件下，氮元素几乎完全分解和释放，底灰和飞灰残留含氮污染物含量低于0.5%（质量分数）；GCMS和XPS表征结果表明，底灰和飞灰中含氮物质主要以无机氮盐（硝酸盐、铵盐）和有机氮（吡啶类、吡咯类和腈类）形式存在；通过TG-MS和in-situ IR等表征以及直接热脱附实验发现，加热释放的氨含量显著低于其他热脱附气体，热分解产物主要是NO _x，并且飞灰与底灰对游离氨吸附残余容量极低。研究结果将为垃圾焚烧行业固废含氮污染物有效处置提供理论支撑，以促进PNCR脱硝工艺推广和应用。

关键词: 脱硝剂, 高分子非催化还原, 底灰, 飞灰, 含氮污染物, 热解, 垃圾焚烧

CLC Number:

X 705

Ru ZHANG, Chuanqiang ZHU, Dong ZHANG, Zheng HUANG, Yuguo XIAO, Ming LI, Changming LI. Characterisation of nitrogenous pollutants in solid wastes associated with waste incineration process using polymer non-catalytic reduction denitrification[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(9): 4944-4959.

张茹, 朱传强, 张栋, 黄政, 肖雨果, 李明, 李长明. 采用高分子非催化还原脱硝的垃圾焚烧工艺伴生固废含氮污染物特征研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(9): 4944-4959.

Figures/Tables 17

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热解温度/℃	质量/g	工业分析/%			元素分析/%
热解温度/℃	质量/g	M	A	V	C	H	N	S
PNCR	20.0	2.00	23.84	74.15	25.78	8.98	20.34	0.19
200	18.9	1.13	26.64	72.23	24.12	8.37	18.47	0.25
400	10.3	1.07	52.39	46.54	15.32	5.42	10.55	0.14
600	7.6	0.77	75.76	23.47	9.54	3.33	8.78	0.24
700	6.1	0.87	81.33	17.80	6.21	1.89	4.32	0.34
800	5.3	0.96	94.87	4.17	3.67	1.12	0.49	0.27
900	4.5	0.35	96.46	3.19	2.64	1.42	0.46	0.21

热解温度/℃	质量/g	工业分析/%			元素分析/%
热解温度/℃	质量/g	M	A	V	C	H	N	S
PNCR	20.0	2.00	23.84	74.15	25.78	8.98	20.34	0.19
200	18.9	1.13	26.64	72.23	24.12	8.37	18.47	0.25
400	10.3	1.07	52.39	46.54	15.32	5.42	10.55	0.14
600	7.6	0.77	75.76	23.47	9.54	3.33	8.78	0.24
700	6.1	0.87	81.33	17.80	6.21	1.89	4.32	0.34
800	5.3	0.96	94.87	4.17	3.67	1.12	0.49	0.27
900	4.5	0.35	96.46	3.19	2.64	1.42	0.46	0.21

样品	工业分析/%			元素分析/%
样品	M_ar	A_ar	V_ar	C_ar	H_ar	N_ar	S_ar	C_烧	H_烧	N_烧	S_烧
底灰	1.81	88.60	8.52	1.57	0.84	0.16	1.15	0.17	0.68	0	1.78
飞灰	2.93	86.37	10.84	2.54	1.33	0.37	2.64	0.31	1.32	0.01	3.36

样品	工业分析/%			元素分析/%
样品	M_ar	A_ar	V_ar	C_ar	H_ar	N_ar	S_ar	C_烧	H_烧	N_烧	S_烧
底灰	1.81	88.60	8.52	1.57	0.84	0.16	1.15	0.17	0.68	0	1.78
飞灰	2.93	86.37	10.84	2.54	1.33	0.37	2.64	0.31	1.32	0.01	3.36

样品	质量分数/%
样品	SiO₂	CaO	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	SO₃	MgO	TiO₂	K₂O	Na₂O
底灰	48.46	21.43	12.62	7.67	2.02	2.21	1.14	0.83	0.82
飞灰	42.46	20.13	13.35	8.37	1.94	2.73	1.06	4.41	2.73