Relationship between N2O production rate and ammonia oxidation rate during nitritation process

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20150443

Abstract

Abstract:

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is one of the three main greenhouse gases (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O), about 265 times more effective than carbon dioxide (CO₂), and it may also destruct the ozone layer. In wastewater biological nitrogen removal process, autotrophic nitrification has been thought to be the major source of N₂O production. In this study, by testing the production of N₂O under different conditions, the relationship between N₂O production rate and ammonia oxidation rate during nitritation process was investigated in a laboratory batch-scale system with activated sludge for treating domestic wastewater. The experimental data indicated that the ammonia oxidation rate (AOR) increased with higher DO while N₂O production rate (N₂OR) increased first then decreased. Besides the AOR and N₂OR were by varying the initial ammonium (NH₄⁺-N) concentration in batch experiments. The max N₂OR was 1.29 mg N₂O·(g MLVSS)^-1·h^-1 when DO was 0.6 mg·L^-1. At low DO level, the increase of AOR would promote the N₂OR. On the other hand, higher AOR might not produce more N₂O when DO was high. There were different pathways of N₂O production under various conditions which led to the change of N₂OR. When DO was low, N₂O was mainly produced by nitrosyl radical (NOH), while increasing AOR promoted the N₂OR formation. However, nitrifier denitrification by AOB was the main way of producing N₂O at high DO level. This pathway might be inhibited by high DO, and thus even there was high AOR, the net production of N₂O was still less. In addition, the existence of was very important to N₂O production too.

Key words: nitritation process, ammonia oxidation rate, N₂O production rate, greenhouse gas, environment, numerical analysis

摘要：

N₂O是3种主要的温室气体之一,污水的生物脱氮过程是N₂O产生的一个主要人为来源。通过对不同条件下生活污水短程硝化过程中N₂O的产生情况进行研究,考察了短程硝化过程中硝化速率(AOR)与N₂O产生速率(N₂OR)之间的关系。结果表明:随着DO水平的提高,AOR逐渐上升,N₂OR则呈现先增加后减少的趋势;最大N₂OR出现在DO为0.6 mg·L^-1时,为1.29 mg N₂O-N·(g MLVSS)^-1·h^-1。低DO水平下AOR的提高会引起N₂OR的增加;但高DO水平下较高的AOR不一定产生较多的N₂O。不同条件下,N₂O的产生途径不同,引起N₂OR的变化。在DO较低时,N₂O的产生以NH₂OH/NOH途径为主,AOR的提高会促进N₂O产生;随着DO的增加,N₂O的产生途径主要为AOB的有氧反硝化作用,此时较高的DO水平会对这一反应造成抑制,虽然反应过程中AOR较高,但N₂OR处于较低水平。

关键词: 短程硝化, 硝化速率, N₂O产生速率, 温室气体, 环境, 数值分析

CLC Number:

X703

LIU Yue, LI Pengzhang, PENG Yongzhen. Relationship between N₂O production rate and ammonia oxidation rate during nitritation process[J]. CIESC Journal, 2015, 66(11): 4652-4660.

刘越, 李鹏章, 彭永臻. 短程硝化过程中硝化速率与N₂O产生速率的关系[J]. 化工学报, 2015, 66(11): 4652-4660.

References 30

[1]	Ahn J H, Kim S, Park H, Rahm B N, Pagilla K, Chandran K. N2O emissions from activated sludge processes, 2008—2009: results of a national monitoring survey in the United States [J]. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2010, 44 (12): 4505-4511.
[2]	Kampschreur M J, van der Star W R L, Wielders H A, et al. Dynamics of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide emission during full-scale reject water treatment [J]. Water Research, 2008, 42 (3): 812-826.
[3]	Yu R, Kampschreur M J, van Loosdrecht M C M, Chandran K. Mechanisms and specific directionality of autotrophic nitrous oxide and nitric oxide generation during transient anoxia [J]. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2010, 44 (4): 1313-1319.
[4]	Kampschreur M J, Tan N, Kleerebezem R, Picioreanu C, Hetten M, Loodrecht M. Effect of dynamic process conditions on nitrogen oxides emission from a nitrifying culture [J]. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2008, 42 (2): 429-435.
[5]	Kampschreur M J, Temmink H, Kleerebezem R, Picioreanu C, Jetten M, Loosdrecht M. Nitrous oxide emission during wastewater treatment [J]. Water Research, 2009, 43 (17): 4093-4103.
[6]	Stuven R, Bock E. Nitrification and denitrification as a source for NO and N2O production in high-strength wastewater [J]. Water Research, 2001, 35 (8): 1905-1914.
[7]	Poughon L, Dussap C G, Gros J B. Energy model and metabolic flux analysis for autotrophic nitrifiers [J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2001, 72 (4): 416-433.
[8]	Stuven R, Vollmer M, Bock E. The impact of organic-matter on nitric-oxide formation by nitrosomonas-europaea [J]. Archives of Microbiology, 1992, 158 (6): 439-443.
[9]	Kim S W, Miyahara M, Fushinobu S, et al. Nitrous oxide emission from nitrifying activated sludge dependent on denitrification by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101 (11): 3958-3963.
[10]	Beanmont H, Lens S, Reijinders W, Westerhoff H, van Spanning R. Expression of nitrite reductase in Nitrosomonas europaea involves NsrR, a novel nitrite-sensitive transcription repressor [J]. Molecular Microbiology, 2004, 54 (1): 148-158.
[11]	Beaumont H J E, Lens S I, Westerhoff H V, van Spanning R J M. Novel nirK cluster genes in Nitrosomonas europaea are required for NirK-dependent tolerance to nitrite [J]. Journal of Bacteriology, 2005, 187 (19): 6849-6851.
[12]	Cantera J J L, Stein L Y. Molecular diversity of nitrite reductase genes (nirK) in nitrifying bacteria [J]. Environmental Microbiology, 2007, 9 (3): 765-776.
[13]	Garbeva P, Baggs E M, Prosser J I. Phylogeny of nitrite reductase (nirK) and nitric oxide reductase (norB) genes from Nitrosospira species isolated from soil [J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2007, 266 (1): 83-89.
[14]	Shaw L J, Nicol G W, Smith Z, Fear J, et al. Nitrosospira ssp can produce nitrous oxide via a nitrifier denitrification pathway [J]. Evnironmental Microbiology, 2006, 8 (2): 214-222.
[15]	Beanmont H, Hommes N, Sayavedra-Soto L, Arp D, Arciero D, Hooper A, Westerhoff H, van Spanning R. Nitrite reductase of Nitrosomonas europaea is not essential for production of gaseous nitrogen oxides and confers tolerance to nitrite [J]. Journal of Bacteriology, 2002, 184 (9): 2557-2560.
[16]	Beanmont H, van Schooten B, Lens S, Westerhoff H, van Spanning R. Nitrosomonas europaea expresses a nitric oxide reductase during nitrification [J]. Journal of Bacteriology, 2004, 186 (13): 4417-4421.
[17]	Sutka R L, Ostrom N E, Ostrom P H, Breznak J A, Gandhi H, Pitt A J, Li F. Distinguishing nitrous oxide production from nitrification and denitrification on the basis of isotopomer abundances [J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2006, 72 (1): 638-644.
[18]	Casciotti K L, Sigman D M, Ward B B. Linking diversity and stable isotope fractionation in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria [J]. Geomicrobiology Journal, 2003, 20 (4): 335-353.
[19]	Anderson J. The metabolisms of hydroxylamine to nitrite by Nitrosomonas europaea [J]. Biochemical Journal, 1964, 91: 8-17.
[20]	Falcone A B, Shug A L, Nicholas D J D. Oxidation of hydroxylamine by particles from Nitrosomonas [J]. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1962, 9 (1/2): 126-131.
[21]	Ritchie G A F, Nicholas D J D. Identification of the sources of nitrous oxide produced by oxidative and reductive processes in Nitrosomonas europaea [J]. Biochemical Journal, 1972, 126: 1181-1191.
[22]	Hooper A, Vannelli T, Bergmann D, Arciero D. Enzymology of the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite by bacteria [J]. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 1997, 71: 59-67.
[23]	Stein L Y, Arp D J, Berube P M, Chain P S G, Hauser L, Jetten M S M, Klotz M G, Larimer F W, Norton J M, Opden Camp H J M, Shin M, Wei X. Whole-genome analysis of the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrosomonas eutropha C91: implications for niche adaptation [J]. Environmental Microbiology, 2007, 9 (12): 2993-3007.
[24]	Liu Yue (刘越), Peng Yi (彭轶), Li Pengzhang (李鹏章), Hou Hongxun (侯红勋), Peng Yongzhen (彭永臻). The effect of on N2O production by and NH2OH oxidation during nitritation process [J]. CIESC Journal (化工学报), 2015, 66 (3): 1133-1141.
[25]	Liu Xiuhong (刘秀红), Peng Yi (彭轶), Ma Tao (马涛), Liu Chunhui (刘春慧), Peng Yongzhen (彭永臻). Effects of DO concentration on N2O production during nitrification for treating domestic wastewater [J]. Environmental Science (环境科学), 2008, 29 (3): 660-664.
[26]	Nogita S, Saito Y, Kuge T. A new indicator of the activated sludge process-nitrous oxide [J]. Water Science & Technology, 1981, 13: 199-204.
[27]	Hynes R K, Knowles R. Production of nitrous oxide by Nitrosomonas europaea: effects of acetylene, pH and oxygen [J]. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 1984, 30 (11): 1397-1404.
[28]	Tallec G, Garnier J, Billen G, et al. Nitrous oxide emissions from secondary activated sludge in nitrifying conditions of urban wastewater treatment plants: effect of oxygenation level [J]. Water Research, 2006, 40 (15): 2972-2980.
[29]	Kim J H, Guo X, Behera S K, Park H S. A unified model of ammonium oxidation rate at various initial ammonium strength and active ammonium oxidizer concentrations [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2009, 100 (7): 2118-2123.
[30]	Ostrom N E, Sutka R, Ostrom P H, Grandy A S, Huizinga K M, Gandhi H, von Fischer J C, Robertson G P. Isotopologue data reveal bacterial denitrification as the primary source of N2O during a high flux event following cultivation of a native temperate grassland [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2010, 42 (3): 499-506.

Relationship between N₂O production rate and ammonia oxidation rate during nitritation process

短程硝化过程中硝化速率与N₂O产生速率的关系

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References 30

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Chongda DUAN, Xiaowei YAO, Jiahua ZHU, Jing SUN, Nan HU, Guangyue LI. Effects of environmental factors on calcium carbonate precipitation induced by Klebsiella aerogenes [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3543-3553.
[2]	Longyi LYU, Wenbo JI, Muda HAN, Weiguang LI, Wenfang GAO, Xiaoyang LIU, Li SUN, Pengfei WANG, Zhijun REN, Guangming ZHANG. Enhanced anaerobic removal of halogenated organic pollutants by iron-based conductive materials: research progress and future perspectives [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3193-3202.
[3]	Yuanzhe SHAO, Zhonggai ZHAO, Fei LIU. Quality-related non-stationary process fault detection method by common trends model [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(6): 2522-2537.
[4]	Zhengtao LI, Zhijie YUAN, Gaohong HE, Xiaobin JIANG. Study of the mechanism of internal circulation regulation during evaporation of NaCl droplets on hydrophobic interface [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(5): 1904-1913.
[5]	Ruizhe CHEN, Leilei CHENG, Jing GU, Haoran YUAN, Yong CHEN. Research progress in chemical recovery technology of fiber-reinforced polymer composites [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(3): 981-994.
[6]	Tanjie ZHA, Han YANG, Hejie QIN, Xiaohong GUAN. The construction of biomimetic materials and their research progress in the field of aquatic environmental chemistry [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(2): 585-598.
[7]	Muzi LI, Guowei JIA, Yanlong ZHAO, Xin ZHANG, Jianrong LI. The progress of metal-organic frameworks for non-CO₂ greenhouse gases capture [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(1): 365-379.
[8]	Wangxin GE, Yihua ZHU, Hongliang JIANG, Chunzhong LI. Research progress on electrolytes for carbon dioxide electroreduction [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(8): 3433-3447.
[9]	Lin WEI, Jian GUO, Zihao LIAO, Dafalla Ahmed Mohmed, Fangming JIANG. Influence of air flow rate on the performance of air cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(7): 3222-3231.
[10]	Shipei XU, Chao WANG, Qingyuan LI, Bingkang ZHANG, Shiwei XU, Xueqin ZHANG, Shiying WANG, Mengxiao CONG. Study on influence of CaO during thermal desorption products of oil-based drilling cuttings [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(4): 1724-1731.
[11]	Qi WANG, Kuo FANG, Conghui HE, Kaijun WANG. Recent development and future challenges of flow-electrode capacitive deionization [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(3): 975-989.
[12]	Wei SONG, Wanjia LI, Shurong YU, Rongrong MA. Effect of thermal mechanical coupling on fretting wear behavior of TC4 alloy [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(3): 1324-1334.
[13]	Maolin YE, Fenghua TAN, Yuping LI, Yuhe LIAO, Chenguang WANG, Longlong MA. Life cycle environmental impact assessment of mixed alcohol via gasification of agricultural and forestry residues and catalytic synthesis [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(3): 1369-1378.
[14]	Zuliang XU, Yuhao WANG, Hui ZHAO, Wu ZHOU, Xiaoshu CAI, Haifeng LIU. Study on air-blast atomization characteristics influencing factors of a proposed coaxial four-channel nozzle [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(2): 604-611.
[15]	Zhimin ZHANG, Xuexing DING, Lanxia ZHANG, Ning LI, Jiaxin SI. Fractal wear prediction model and numerical analysis of floating ring seal face [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(12): 5526-5536.