Applications and perspectives of NH3 separation and recovery with ionic liquids

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20181067

Abstract

Abstract:

As one of the typical alkaline and poisonous pollutants, ammonia (NH₃) is widely considered as a primary factor for the formation of fog and haze, which has caused a wide range of environmental problems and serious harm to human health. The traditional technologies for NH₃ separation, like water scrubbing and acid scrubbing, have been applied in industries. However, some inherent drawbacks, such as severe corrosion, heavy pollution, high energy consumption, and hard to recover NH₃ resources come with yet. Ionic liquids (ILs) provide a novel way for efficient and energy-saving separation of NH₃ owing to their extremely low vapour pressure, good chemical/thermal stability and tuneable acidity and alkalinity. In this review, the recent advances on conventional ILs, functionalized ILs and IL-based solvents and materials for NH₃ absorption/adsorption have been overviewed. The NH₃ absorption capacities in different ILs were summarized and the effect of cations, anions and functional groups on NH₃ absorption and the mechanisms have been discussed, and the research and development trend of this direction are discussed.

Key words: ionic liquids, NH₃, absorption, separation, absorption mechanism

摘要：

氨（NH₃）是典型有毒有害工业气态污染物，也是形成PM2.5中二次颗粒物的根本原因之一，大量含氨气体的排放严重威胁人类的生活环境和健康。采用传统的酸法或水法，通常存在腐蚀性强、污染重、能耗高等问题，且难以回收利用氨资源。离子液体因其极低的挥发性、较好的化学/热稳定性、酸碱可调及高的氨溶解度等特点，为高效低能耗NH₃分离提供了新途径。综述了近年来国内外离子液体在NH₃分离中的研究进展，重点总结了常规离子液体、功能离子液体及离子液体溶剂/材料对NH₃的吸收/吸附性能，阐明了阴阳离子、功能基团对NH₃吸收性能的影响规律及其吸收机理，并探讨了该方向的研究和发展趋势。

关键词: 离子液体, 氨气, 吸收, 分离, 吸收机理

CLC Number:

TQ 530.11

Shaojuan ZENG, Dawei SHANG, Min YU, Hao CHEN, Haifeng DONG, Xiangping ZHANG. Applications and perspectives of NH₃ separation and recovery with ionic liquids[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(3): 791-800.

曾少娟, 尚大伟, 余敏, 陈昊, 董海峰, 张香平. 离子液体在氨气分离回收中的应用及展望[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(3): 791-800.

Figures/Tables 10

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离子液体种类	吸收温度/℃	压力/kPa	NH₃吸收量		参考文献
离子液体种类	吸收温度/℃	压力/kPa	/(mol NH₃?(mol absorbent)^-1)	/(g NH₃?(g absorbent)^-1)	参考文献
[Emim][BF₄]	20	140	0.274	0.024	[17]
[Emim][BF₄]	25	110	0.173	0.015	[17]
[Bmim][BF₄]	25	220	0.465	0.035	[17]
[Hmim][BF₄]	25	220	0.581	0.039	[17]
[Omim][BF₄]	25	120	0.387	0.025	[17]
[Bmim][PF₆]	25	174	0.538	0.032	[19]
[Bmim][BF₄]	25.4	101	0.112	0.008	[19]
[Emim][NTf₂]	26.4	101	0.122	0.005	[19]
[Hmim][Cl]	24.8	101	0.252	0.021	[19]
[Emim][Ac]	25.3	101	0.348	0.035	[36]
[Emim][EtOSO₃]	24.6	101	0.342	0.025	[36]
[Emim][SCN]	25	101	0.188	0.019	[36]
[DMEA][Ac]	25	163	0.905	0.103	[36]
[Bmim][BF₄]	20	101	0.449	0.034	[31]
[EOHmim][BF₄]	20	101	1.703	0.135	[31]
[Choline][NTf₂]	20	101	1.857	0.064	[31]
[MTEOA][MeOSO₃]	20	101	3.545	0.219	[33]
[MTEOA][MeOSO₃]	40	101	1.381	0.085	[33]
[EtOHmim][DCA]	20	101	2.125	0.190	[33]
[EtOHmim][DCA]	40	100	0.887	0.079	[33]
[EtOHmim][NTf₂]	25	105.5	0.976	0.041	[38]
[EtOHmim][PF₆]	25	106.8	0.980	0.062	[38]
[EtOHmim][BF₄]	25	98.9	0.825	0.066	[38]
[EtOHmim][SCN]	25	95.3	0.538	0.050	[38]
[EtOHmim][DCA]	25	108.5	0.600	0.054	[38]
[EtOHmim][NO₃]	25	106.6	0.522	0.047	[38]
[Eim][NTf₂]	40	105.12	2.73	0.123	[39]
[Mim][NTf₂]	40	102.71	2.68	0.128	[39]
[Mmim][NTf₂]	40	98.63	2.40	0.108	[39]
[Bmmim][NTf₂]	30	119.43	0.25	0.010	[39]
[Bmmim][NTf₂]	40	100.49	0.20	0.008	[39]
[Bmmim][NTf₂]	60	114.60	0.19	0.008	[39]
[Bim][SCN]	30	98.82	2.18	0.202	[39]
[Bim][SCN]	40	96.59	1.96	0.182	[39]
[Bim][SCN]	60	102.56	1.56	0.145	[39]
[Bmim][SCN]	40	82.92	0.15	0.013	[39]
[Bmim][SCN]	60	79.87	0.09	0.008	[39]
[Bim][NO₃]	30	100.09	1.50	0.136	[39]
[Bim][NO₃]	40	141.53	1.72	0.156	[39]
[Bim][NO₃]	60	122.40	1.14	0.104	[39]
[Bmim][DCA]	30	114.28	0.30	0.025	[39]
[Bmim][DCA]	40	128.32	0.22	0.018	[39]
[Bmim][DCA]	60	104.86	0.13	0.011	[39]
[Bmmim][DCA]	30	115.38	0.25	0.020	[39]
[Bmmim][DCA]	40	103.42	0.12	0.009	[39]
[Bmmim][DCA]	60	126.48	0.14	0.011	[39]
[Bim][NTf₂]	40	101	2.69	0.113	[40]
[Bmim][NTf₂]	40	101	0.28	0.011	[40]
[HOOC(CH₂)₃mim][NTf₂]	40	101	1.54	0.059	[40]
[Bmim][Zn₂Cl₅]	50	103.5	8.025	0.305	[42]
[Emim]₂[Co(NCS)₄]	30	101	5.99	0.198	[44]
[Bmim]₂[Co(NCS)₄]	30	101	6.03	0.180	[44]
[Hmim]₂[Co(NCS)₄]	30	101	6.09	0.166	[44]
[Emim][SCN]	30	101	0.18	0.018	[44]
[Bmim][SCN]	30	101	0.19	0.016	[44]
[Hmim][SCN]	30	101	0.20	0.015	[44]
[Bmim][MeSO₃]/urea（1∶1）	30	123.6	—	0.015	[47]
ChCl/Res/Gly (1∶3∶5)	40	101	—	0.130	[48]

离子液体种类	吸收温度/℃	压力/kPa	NH₃吸收量		参考文献
离子液体种类	吸收温度/℃	压力/kPa	/(mol NH₃?(mol absorbent)^-1)	/(g NH₃?(g absorbent)^-1)	参考文献
[Emim][BF₄]	20	140	0.274	0.024	[17]
[Emim][BF₄]	25	110	0.173	0.015	[17]
[Bmim][BF₄]	25	220	0.465	0.035	[17]
[Hmim][BF₄]	25	220	0.581	0.039	[17]
[Omim][BF₄]	25	120	0.387	0.025	[17]
[Bmim][PF₆]	25	174	0.538	0.032	[19]
[Bmim][BF₄]	25.4	101	0.112	0.008	[19]
[Emim][NTf₂]	26.4	101	0.122	0.005	[19]
[Hmim][Cl]	24.8	101	0.252	0.021	[19]
[Emim][Ac]	25.3	101	0.348	0.035	[36]
[Emim][EtOSO₃]	24.6	101	0.342	0.025	[36]
[Emim][SCN]	25	101	0.188	0.019	[36]
[DMEA][Ac]	25	163	0.905	0.103	[36]
[Bmim][BF₄]	20	101	0.449	0.034	[31]
[EOHmim][BF₄]	20	101	1.703	0.135	[31]
[Choline][NTf₂]	20	101	1.857	0.064	[31]
[MTEOA][MeOSO₃]	20	101	3.545	0.219	[33]
[MTEOA][MeOSO₃]	40	101	1.381	0.085	[33]
[EtOHmim][DCA]	20	101	2.125	0.190	[33]
[EtOHmim][DCA]	40	100	0.887	0.079	[33]
[EtOHmim][NTf₂]	25	105.5	0.976	0.041	[38]
[EtOHmim][PF₆]	25	106.8	0.980	0.062	[38]
[EtOHmim][BF₄]	25	98.9	0.825	0.066	[38]
[EtOHmim][SCN]	25	95.3	0.538	0.050	[38]
[EtOHmim][DCA]	25	108.5	0.600	0.054	[38]
[EtOHmim][NO₃]	25	106.6	0.522	0.047	[38]
[Eim][NTf₂]	40	105.12	2.73	0.123	[39]
[Mim][NTf₂]	40	102.71	2.68	0.128	[39]
[Mmim][NTf₂]	40	98.63	2.40	0.108	[39]
[Bmmim][NTf₂]	30	119.43	0.25	0.010	[39]
[Bmmim][NTf₂]	40	100.49	0.20	0.008	[39]
[Bmmim][NTf₂]	60	114.60	0.19	0.008	[39]
[Bim][SCN]	30	98.82	2.18	0.202	[39]
[Bim][SCN]	40	96.59	1.96	0.182	[39]
[Bim][SCN]	60	102.56	1.56	0.145	[39]
[Bmim][SCN]	40	82.92	0.15	0.013	[39]
[Bmim][SCN]	60	79.87	0.09	0.008	[39]
[Bim][NO₃]	30	100.09	1.50	0.136	[39]
[Bim][NO₃]	40	141.53	1.72	0.156	[39]
[Bim][NO₃]	60	122.40	1.14	0.104	[39]
[Bmim][DCA]	30	114.28	0.30	0.025	[39]
[Bmim][DCA]	40	128.32	0.22	0.018	[39]
[Bmim][DCA]	60	104.86	0.13	0.011	[39]
[Bmmim][DCA]	30	115.38	0.25	0.020	[39]
[Bmmim][DCA]	40	103.42	0.12	0.009	[39]
[Bmmim][DCA]	60	126.48	0.14	0.011	[39]
[Bim][NTf₂]	40	101	2.69	0.113	[40]
[Bmim][NTf₂]	40	101	0.28	0.011	[40]
[HOOC(CH₂)₃mim][NTf₂]	40	101	1.54	0.059	[40]
[Bmim][Zn₂Cl₅]	50	103.5	8.025	0.305	[42]
[Emim]₂[Co(NCS)₄]	30	101	5.99	0.198	[44]
[Bmim]₂[Co(NCS)₄]	30	101	6.03	0.180	[44]
[Hmim]₂[Co(NCS)₄]	30	101	6.09	0.166	[44]
[Emim][SCN]	30	101	0.18	0.018	[44]
[Bmim][SCN]	30	101	0.19	0.016	[44]
[Hmim][SCN]	30	101	0.20	0.015	[44]
[Bmim][MeSO₃]/urea（1∶1）	30	123.6	—	0.015	[47]
ChCl/Res/Gly (1∶3∶5)	40	101	—	0.130	[48]

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Applications and perspectives of NH₃ separation and recovery with ionic liquids

离子液体在氨气分离回收中的应用及展望

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