Progress in the study on the phase equilibria of the CO2-H2O and CO2-H2O-NaCl systems

Abstract

Abstract: To study the feasibility of CO2 geological sequestration, it is needed to understand the
complicated multiple-phase equilibrium and the densities of aqueous solution with CO2 and
multi-ions under wide geological conditions (273.15—473.15K, 0—60MPa), which are also
essential for designing separation equipments in chemical or oil-related industries. For
this purpose, studies on the relevant phase equilibria and densities are reviewed and ana-
lyzed and the method to improve or modify the existing model is suggested in order to
obtain more reliable pre-dictions in a wide temperature and pressure range. Besides, three
different models (the electrolyte non random two-liquid (ELECNRTL), the electrolyte NRTL
combining with Helgeson model (ENRTL-HG), Pitzer activity co-efficient model combining with
Helgeson model (PITZ-HG)) are used to calculate the vapor-liquid phase equilib-rium of CO2
-H2O and CO2-H2O-NaCl systems. For CO2-H2O system, the calculation results agree with the
experi-mental data very well at low and medium pressure (0—20MPa), but there are great
discrepancies above 20MPa. For the water content at 473.15K, the calculated results agree
with the experimental data quite well. For the CO2-H2O-NaCl system, the PITZ-HG model show
better results than ELECNRTL and ENRTL-HG models at the NaCl concentration of 0.52mol•L－1.
Bur for the NaCl concentration of 3.997mol•L－1, using the ELECNRTL and ENRTL-HG models
gives better results than using the PITZ-HG model. It is shown that available experimental
data and the thermodynamic calculations can satisfy the needs of the calculation of the
sequestration capacity in the temperature and pressure range for disposal of CO2 in deep
saline aquifers. More experimental data and more accu-rate thermodynamic calculations are
needed in high temperature and pressure ranges (above 398.15K and 31.5MPa).

Key words: CO₂-H₂O, CO₂-H₂O-NaCl, high temperature high pressure, phase equilibrium, density

摘要： To study the feasibility of CO2 geological sequestration, it is needed to understand the
complicated multiple-phase equilibrium and the densities of aqueous solution with CO2 and
multi-ions under wide geological conditions (273.15—473.15K, 0—60MPa), which are also
essential for designing separation equipments in chemical or oil-related industries. For
this purpose, studies on the relevant phase equilibria and densities are reviewed and ana-
lyzed and the method to improve or modify the existing model is suggested in order to
obtain more reliable pre-dictions in a wide temperature and pressure range. Besides, three
different models (the electrolyte non random two-liquid (ELECNRTL), the electrolyte NRTL
combining with Helgeson model (ENRTL-HG), Pitzer activity co-efficient model combining with
Helgeson model (PITZ-HG)) are used to calculate the vapor-liquid phase equilib-rium of CO2
-H2O and CO2-H2O-NaCl systems. For CO2-H2O system, the calculation results agree with the
experi-mental data very well at low and medium pressure (0—20MPa), but there are great
discrepancies above 20MPa. For the water content at 473.15K, the calculated results agree
with the experimental data quite well. For the CO2-H2O-NaCl system, the PITZ-HG model show
better results than ELECNRTL and ENRTL-HG models at the NaCl concentration of 0.52mol•L－1.
Bur for the NaCl concentration of 3.997mol•L－1, using the ELECNRTL and ENRTL-HG models
gives better results than using the PITZ-HG model. It is shown that available experimental
data and the thermodynamic calculations can satisfy the needs of the calculation of the
sequestration capacity in the temperature and pressure range for disposal of CO2 in deep
saline aquifers. More experimental data and more accu-rate thermodynamic calculations are
needed in high temperature and pressure ranges (above 398.15K and 31.5MPa).

关键词: CO₂-H₂O;CO₂-H₂O-NaCl;high temperature high pressure;phase equilibrium;density

JI Yuanhui, JI Xiaoyan, FENG Xin, LIU Chang, LÜ, Linghong, LU Xiaohua. Progress in the study on the phase equilibria of the CO₂-H₂O and CO₂-H₂O-NaCl systems[J]. .

吉远辉, 吉晓燕, 冯新, 刘畅, 吕玲红, 陆小华. CO₂-H₂O和CO₂-H₂O-NaCl 体系的相平衡研究进展[J]. CIESC Journal.

References

1 Ji, Y.H., Feng, X., Lu, X.H., “Analysis of economics and chemical engineering in
the geological sequestration of carbon dioxide”, Chem. Ind. Eng. Progress, 25(2), 171—
175(2006). (in Chinese)
2 Bachu, S., “Sequestration of CO2 in geological media: Criteria and approach for
site selection in response to climate change”, Energy Convers. Manag., 41, 953—970(2000).
3 Nicolas, S., Karsten, P., Jonathan, E.K., “CO2-H2O mix-tures in the geological
sequestration of CO2 (Ⅰ) As-sessment and calculation of mutual solubilities from 12 to 100
℃ and up to 600 bar”, Geochim Cosmochim Ac., 67(16), 3015—3031(2003).
4 Grimston, M.C., Karakoussis, V., Fouquet, R., van der Vorst, R., Pearson, P.,
Leach, M., “The European and global potential of carbon dioxide sequestration in tackling
climate change”, Climate Policy, 1, 155—171(2001).
5 Li, Z.W., Dong, M.Z., Li, S.L., Dai, L.M., “Densities and solubilities for binary
systems of carbon dioxide +water and carbon dioxide+brine at 59℃ and pressures to 29 MPa”
, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 49, 1026—1031(2004).
6 Diamond, L.W., Akinfiev, N.N., “Solubility of CO2 in water from －1.5 to 100℃ and
from 0.1 to 100MPa: evaluation of literature data and thermodynamic model-ing”, Fluid
Phase Equilib., 208, 265—290(2003).
7 Chapoy, A., Mohammadi, A.H., Chareton, A., Tohidi, B., Richon, D., “Measurement
and modeling of gas solubil-ity and literature review of the properties for the carbon
dioxide-water system”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 43, 1794—1802(2004).
8 Wiebe, R., Gaddy, V.L., “The solubility in water of car-bon dioxide at 50, 75, and
100℃, at pressures to 700 at-mospheres”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 61, 315—318(1939).
9 Wiebe, R., Gaddy, V.L., “The solubility of carbon diox-ide in water at various
temperatures from 12 to 40℃and at pressures to 500 atmospheres: Critical phenomena”, J.
Am. Chem. Soc., 62, 815—817(1940).
10 Wiebe, R., Gaddy, V.L., “Vapor phase composition of carbon dioxide-water mixtures
at various temperatures and at pressures to 700 atmospheres”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 63, 475—
477(1941).
11 Bartholomé, E., Friz, H., “Solubility of carbon dioxide in water at high pressures
”, Chem. Ing. Tech., 28, 706—708(1956).
12 Töedheide, K., Frank, E.U., “Das Zweiphasengebiet und die kritische Kurve im
System Kohlendioxid-Wasser bis zu Drucken von 3500 bar”, Z. Phys. Chemie. Neue Folge., 37,
387—401(1963).
13 Takenouchi, S., Kennedy, G.C., “The binary system H2O-CO2 at high temperatures and
pressures”, Am. J. Sci., 262, 1055—1074(1964).
14 Matous, J., Sobr, J., Novak, J.P., Pick, J., “Solubilities of carbon dioxide in
water at pressure up to 40 atm”, Col-lect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 34, 3982—3985(1969).
15 Coan, C.R., King, A.D. Jr., “Solubility of water in com-pressed carbon dioxide,
nitrous oxide, and ethane. Evi-dence for hydration of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide in
the gas phase”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 93, 1857—1862(1971).
16 Malinin, S.D., Savelyeva, N.I., “The solubility of CO2 in NaCl and CaCl2 solutions
at 25, 50, and 75 ℃ under ele-vated CO2 pressures”, Geochem. Int., 9, 410—418(1972).
17 Malinin, S.D., Kurovskaya, N.A., “Investigation of CO2 solubility in a solution of
chlorides at elevated tempera-tures and pressures of CO2”, Geochem. Int., 12, 199—201
(1975).
18 Zawisza, A., Malesinska, B., “Solubility of carbon diox-ide in liquid water and of
water in gaseous carbon diox-ide in the range 0.2—5MPa and at temperatures up to 473K”,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 26, 388—391(1981).
19 Briones, J.A., Mullins, J.C., Thies, M.C., Kim, B.U., “Ternary phase equilibria
for acetic acid-water mixtures with supercritical carbon dioxide”, Fluid Phase Equilib.,
36, 235—246(1987).
20 Nakayama, T., Sagara, H., Arai, K., Saito, S., “High-pressure liquid-liquid
equilibria for the system of water, ethanol and 1,1-difluoroethane at 323.2K”, Fluid Phase
Equilib., 38, 109—127(1987).
21 Song, K.Y., Kobayashi, R., “Water content of CO2 in equilibrium with liquid water
and/or hydrates”, SPE Form. Eval. 2, 500—508(1987).
22 D’Souza, R., Patrick, J.R., Teja, A.S., “High pressure phase equilibria in the
carbon dioxide-n-hexadecane and carbon dioxide-water systems”, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 66, 319
—323(1988).
23 Müller, G., Bender, E., Maurer, G., “Das Dampf-Flüssigkeits-gleichgewicht des
Ternären Systems Ammoniak-Kohlendioxid-Wasser bei Hohen Wasserge-halten im Bereich Zwischen
373 und 473 Kelvin”, Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem., 92, 148—160(1988).
24 Nighswander, J.A., Kalogerakis, N., Mehrotra, A.K., “Solubilities of carbon
dioxide in water and 1 wt% NaCl solution at pressures up to 10MPa and temperatures from 80
to 200 ℃”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 34, 355—360(1989).
25 Sako, T., Sugeta, T., Nakazawa, N., Okubo, T., Sato, M., Taguchi, T., Hiaki, T., “
Phase equilibrium study of ex-traction and concentration of furfural produced in reactor
using supercritical carbon dioxide”, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 24, 449—454(1991).
26 King, M.B., Mubarak, A., Kim, J.D., Bott, T.R., “The mutual solubilities of water
with supercritical and liquid carbon dioxide”, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 5, 296—302(1992).
27 Dohrn, R., Büenz, A.P., Devlieghere, F., Thelen, D., “Experimental measurements of
phase equilibria for ter-nary and quaternary systems of glucose, water, CO2 and ethanol
with a novel apparatus”, Fluid Phase Equilib., 83, 149—158(1993).
28 Jackson, K., Bowman, L.E., Fulton, J.L., “Water solubil-ity measurements in
supercritical fluids and high-pressure liquids using near-infrared spectroscopy”, Anal.
Chem., 67, 2368—2372(1995).
29 Gu, F.Y., “Solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous so-dium chloride solution under
high pressure”, J. Chem. Eng. Chin. Univ., 12(2), 118—123(1998). (in Chinese)
30 Yang, S.O., Yang, I.M., Kim, Y.S., Lee, C.S., “Meas-urement and prediction of
phase equilibria for water+ CO2 in hydrate forming conditions”, Fluid Phase Equilib., 175,
75—89(2000).
31 Bamberger, A., Sieder, G., Maurer, G., “High-pressure (vapor+liquid) equilibrium
in binary mixtures of (carbon dioxide+water or acetic acid) at temperatures from 313 to
353K”, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 17, 97—110(2000).
32 Anderson, G.K., “Solubility of carbon dioxide in water under incipient clathrate
formation conditions”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 47, 219—222(2002).
33 Kiepe, J. Horstmann, S., Fischer, K., Gmehling, J., “Ex-perimental determination
and prediction of gas solubility data for CO2+H2O mixtures containing NaCl or KCl at
temperatures between 313 and 393K and pressures up to 10MPa”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 41,
4393—4398(2002).
34 Bando, S., Takemura, F., Nishio, M., Hihara, E., Akai, M., “Solubility of CO2 in
aqueous solutions of NaCl at (30 to 60) ℃ and (10 to 20) MPa”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 48,
576—579(2003).
35 Valtz, A., Chapoy, A., Coquelet, C., Paricaud, P., Richon, D., “Vapour–liquid
equilibria in the carbon dioxide-water system, measurement and modelling from 278.2 to
318.2K”, Fluid Phase Equilib., 226, 333—344(2004).
36 Bachu, S., Adams, J.J., “Sequestration of CO2 in geo-logical media in response to
climate change: capacity of deep saline aquifers to sequester CO2 in solution”, En-ergy
Convers. Manag., 44, 3151—3175(2003).
37 Yaginuma, R., Sato, Y., Kodama, D., Tanaka, H., Kato, M., “Saturated densities of
carbon dioxide + water mix-ture at 304.1K and pressures to 10MPa”, Journal of the Japan
Institute of Energy, 79(2), 144—146(2000).
38 Teng, H., Yamasaki, A., Chun, M.K., Lee, H., “Solubil-ity of liquid CO2 in water
at temperatures from 278K to 293K and pressures from 6.44 MPa to 29.49 MPa and densities of
the corresponding aqueous solutions”, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 29, 1301—1310(1997).
39 Tegetmeier, A., Dittmar, D., Fredenhagen, A., Eggers, R., “Density and volume of
water and triglyceride mixtures in contact with carbon dioxide”, Chem. Eng. Process., 39,
399—405(2000).
40 Hebach, A., Oberhof, A., Dahmen, N., “Density of water+ carbon dioxide at elevated
pressures: measurements and correlation”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 49, 950—953(2004).
41 Patel, M.R., Eubank, P.T., “Experimental densities and de-rived thermodynamic
properties for carbon dioxide-water mixtures”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 33, 185—193(1988).
42 Duan, Z.H., Sun, R., “An improved model calculating CO2 solubility in pure water
and aqueous NaCl solutions from 273 to 533 K and from 0 to 2000 bar”, Chem. Geol., 193,
257—271(2003).
43 Markham, A.E., Kobe, K.A., “The solubility of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide in
aqueous salt solutions”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 63, 449—454(1941).
44 Harned, H.S., Davis, R., “The ionization constant of carbonic acid in water and
the solubility of carbon diox-ide in water and aqueous salt solutions from 0 to 50℃”, J.
Am. Chem. Soc., 65, 2030—2037(1943).
45 Ellis, A.J., Golding, R.M., “The solubility of carbon di-oxide above 100℃ in
water and in sodium chloride solu-tions”, Am. J.Chem. Sci., 261, 47—60(1963).
46 Takenouchi, S., Kennedy, G.C., “The solubility of car-bon dioxide in NaCl
solutions at high temperatures and pressures”, Am. J. Sci. 263, 445—454(1965).
47 Malinin, S.D., Savelyeva, N.I., “Carbon dioxide solubil-ity in sodium chloride and
calcium chloride solutions at temperatures of 25, 50, and 75℃ and elevated carbon dioxide
pressure”, Geochemistry International, 6, 643—653(1972).
48 Malinin, S.D., Kurovskaya, N.A., “Carbon dioxide solu-bility in solutions of
chlorides at elevated temperatures and carbon dioxide pressure”, Geochemistry Interna-
tional, 4, 547—550(1975).
49 Yasunishi, A., Yoshida, F., “Solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous electrolyte
solutions”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 24, 11—15(1979).
50 Rumpf, B., Nicolaisen, H., Ocal, C., Maurer, G., “Solu-bility of carbon dioxide in
aqueous solutions of sodium chloride: experimental results and correlation”, J. Solu-tion
Chem., 23(3), 431—448(1994).
51 Ji, X.Y., Tan, S.P., Adidharma, H., Radosz, M., “SAFT1-RPM approximation extended
to phase equilib-ria and densities of CO2-H2O and CO2-H2O-NaCl sys-tems”, Ind. Eng. Chem.
Res., 44, 8419—8427(2005).
52 Carroll, J.J., Mather, A.E., “The system carbon diox-ide-water and the Krichevsky
-Kasarnovsky equation”, J. Solution Chem., 21(7), 607—621(1992).
53 Shyu, G.S., Hanif, N.S., Hall, K.R., Eubank, P.T., “Car-bon dioxide-water phase
equilibria results from the Wong-Sandler combining rules”, Fluid Phase Equilib., 130, 73—
85(1997).
54 Prausnitz, J.M., Lichtenthaler, R.N., de Azevedo, E.G., Molecular thermodynamics of
fluid-phase equilibria, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall PTR, NJ,(1999).
55 Zuo, Y.X., Guo, T.M., “Application of the Patel-Teja cubic equation of state to
high pressure electrolyte sys-tems”, J. Chem. Ind. Eng. (China), 43(1), 15—21(1992). (in
Chinese)
56 Kiepe, J., Horstmann, S., Fischer, K., Gmehling, J., “Appli-cation of the PSRK
model for systems containing strong electrolytes”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 43, 6607—6615
(2004).
57 Renon, H., Prausnitz, J.M., “Local compositions in thermodynamic excess functions
for liquid mixtures”, AIChE J., 14(1), 135—144(1968).
58 Chen, C.C., Britt, H.I., Boston, J.F., Evans, L.B., “Local compositions model for
excess Gibbs energy of electro-lyte systems (Ⅰ) Single solvent, single completely dis-
sociated electrolyte systems”, AIChE J., 28(4), 588—596(1982).
59 Chen, C.C., Evans, L.B., “A local composition model for the excess Gibbs energy of
aqueous electrolyte systems”, AIChE J., 32(3), 444—459(1986).
60 Mock, B., Evans, L.B., Chen, C.C., “Thermodynamic representation of phase
equilibria of mixed-solvent elec-trolyte systems”, AIChE J., 32(10), 1655—1664(1986).
61 Redlich, O., Kwong, J.N.S., “On the thermodynamics of solutions V. An equation-of
-state. fugacities of gaseous solutions”, Chem. Rev., 44, 223—244(1979).
62 Johnson, J.W., Oelkers, E., Helgeson, H.C., “SUPCRT92: A software package for
calculating the standard molal thermodynamic properties of minerals, gases, aqueous species
and reactions from 1 to 5000 bar and 0 to 1000℃”, Comput. Geosci., 18, 899—947(1992).
63 Pitzer, K.S., Activity Coefficients in Electrolyte Solution (Chapter 3), 2nd
edition, CRC Press, Boston(1991).
64 Silvester, L.F., Pitzer, K.S., “Thermodynamics of elec-trolytes (8) High-
temperature properties, including en-thalpy and heat capacity, with application to sodium
chloride”, J. Phys. Chem., 81(19), 1822—1828(1977).
65 Chen, C.C., Britt, H.I., Boston, J.I., Evans, L.B., “Exten-sion and application of
the Pitzer equation for va-por-liquid equilibrium of aqueous electrolyte systems with
molecular solutes”, AIChE J., 25, 820—831(1979).
66 Soave, G., “Equilibrium constants for modified Redlich-Kwong equation-of-state”,
Chem. Eng. Sci., 27, 1196—1203(1972).
67 Peneloux, A., Rauzy, E., Freze, R., “A consistent correc-tion for Redlich-Kwong-
Soave volumes”, Fluid Phase Equilib., 8, 7—23(1982).
68 Kabadi, V., Danner, R.P., “A modified Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state for
water-hydrocarbon phase equilibria”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 24(3), 537—541
(1985).
69 Kristóf, T., Vorholz, J., Maurer, G., “Molecular simula-tion of the high-pressure
phase equilibrium of the system carbon dioxide-methanol-water”, J. Phys. Chem. B, 106,
7547—7553(2002).
70 Vorholz, J., Harismiadis, V.I., Rumpf, B., Panagio-topoulos, A.Z., Maurer, G.,
“Vapor + liquid equilibrium of water , carbon dioxide , and the binary system , water+
carbon dioxide, from molecular simulation”, Fluid Phase Equilib., 170, 203—234(2000).
71 Vorholz, J., Harismiadis, V.I., Panagiotopoulos, A.Z., Rumpf, B., Maurer, G.,
“Molecular simulation of the solu-bility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions of sodium
chloride”, Fluid Phase Equilib., 226, 237—250(2004).

[1]	Long ZHANG, Mengjie SONG, Keke SHAO, Xuan ZHANG, Jun SHEN, Runmiao GAO, Zekang ZHEN, Zhengyong JIANG. Simulation study on frosting at windward fin end of heat exchanger [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 179-182.
[2]	Jingwei CHAO, Jiaxing XU, Tingxian LI. Investigation on the heating performance of the tube-free-evaporation based sorption thermal battery [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(S1): 302-310.
[3]	Ji CHEN, Ze HONG, Zhao LEI, Qiang LING, Zhigang ZHAO, Chenhui PENG, Ping CUI. Study on coke dissolution loss reaction and its mechanism based on molecular dynamics simulations [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(7): 2935-2946.
[4]	Wenting CHENG, Jie LI, Li XU, Fangqin CHENG, Guoji LIU. Experiment and prediction for the solubility of AlCl₃·6H₂O in FeCl₃, CaCl₂, KCl and KCl-FeCl₃solutions [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(2): 642-652.
[5]	Jiahui CHEN, Xinze YANG, Guzhong CHEN, Zhen SONG, Zhiwen QI. A critical discussion on developing molecular property prediction models: density of ionic liquids as example [J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(2): 630-641.
[6]	Feng DU, Siqi YIN, Hui LUO, Wenan DENG, Chuan LI, Zhenwei HUANG, Wenjing WANG. Study on size effect of H₂ adsorption and dissociation on Mo _x S _y clusters [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(9): 3895-3903.
[7]	Jinyu GUO, Zhe WANG, Yuan LI. Fault detection method based on kernel entropy independent component analysis [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(8): 3647-3658.
[8]	Xiaqi YU, Ge FENG, Jinyan ZHAO, Jiayuan LI, Shengwei DENG, Jingnan ZHENG, Wenwen LI, Yaqiu WANG, Lan SHEN, Xu LIU, Weiwei XU, Jianguo WANG, Shibin WANG, Zihao YAO, Chengli MAO. A first-principles study of the interaction between TDI-TMP-T313 and AP [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(8): 3511-3517.
[9]	Xinjie ZHOU, Jianlin WANG, Xingcong AI, Enguang SUI, Rutong WANG. IDPC-RVM based online prediction of quality variables for multimode batch processes [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(7): 3120-3130.
[10]	Jihao ZHAO, Weiqiang TANG, Xiaofei XU, Shuangliang ZHAO, Jionghao HE. Adsorption energy of bonding agent on nano-filler in polymer composites [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(7): 3174-3181.
[11]	Jiaren ZHANG, Haichao LIU. Phase equilibrium of transesterification reaction system between soybean oil and methanol [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(5): 1920-1929.
[12]	Wenxin MEN, Qingshou PENG, Xia GUI. Phase equilibrium of CO₂ hydrate in the presence of four different quaternary ammonium salts [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(4): 1472-1482.
[13]	Rongshan BI, Zhihui HAN, Shaohui TAO, Xiaoyan SUN, Shuguang XIANG. Recognizing historical operating conditions by determining the density peaks at kernel density estimation of heat diffusion [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(4): 1615-1622.
[14]	Huaixu LI, Xiaoyan SUN, Shaohui TAO, Li XIA, Shuguang XIANG. Lumping gasoline with molecular properties and density peak clustering [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(12): 5449-5460.
[15]	Xiaokun HE, Yuan XUE, Ran ZUO. Quantum chemistry study on gas reaction path in InN MOCVD growth [J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(12): 5638-5647.

Progress in the study on the phase equilibria of the CO₂-H₂O and CO₂-H₂O-NaCl systems

CO₂-H₂O和CO₂-H₂O-NaCl 体系的相平衡研究进展

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments