Abstract: Since the exploitation of unconventional oil resources like heavy oil and bitumen is increasingly important due to gradual exhaustion of conventional light oil resources，the vapor extraction (VAPEX) technology in exploitation of heavy oil and bitumen deposits has become a promising process. This paper discusses the influence factors of VAPEX，including heavy oil viscosity，solvent diffusion and dispersion coefficients，solvent injection temperature and pressure，solvent injection rate，geological factors，etc. The critical mathematical equations and the mathematical model characterizing the relationship between the factors above and heavy oil/bitumen production rate are deduced. The outlook and development trend of VAPEX technology are analyzed，such as experimental model modification based on the difference between mathematical model and actual reservoir model，VAPEX combined with SAGD process，solvent diffusion coefficients at different temperatures and pressures，and application of mixed solvent systems.

Key words: heavy oil, bitumen, VAPEX, impact factor, solvent

摘要： 由于常规稀油石油资源逐渐枯竭，作为非常规石油资源的稠油和沥青的开采日益重要，稠油和沥青的蒸气萃取（VAPEX）技术已经成为一项非常有前途的开采工艺。本文讨论了影响稠油和沥青VAPEX技术的各种因素，包括稠油黏度，溶剂在稠油中的扩散系数，溶剂的分散度，溶剂注入时的温度、压力，溶剂的注入速度，地质因素等。列出了这些因素之间重要的数学关系式以及这些因素与稠油和沥青质产量之间的数学模型，对VAPEX技术发展前景和未来研究方向进行了总体展望：由于模型与实际油藏的差异造成结果偏差因而需修正实验模型；VAPEX和SAGD的混合使用；不同温度、压力下溶剂的扩散系数；混合溶剂的使用。

关键词: 稠油, 沥青, 蒸气萃取, 影响因素, 溶剂