Abstract:

Because of its special function and closeness, special vehicles can not use the opening and closing of windows to control cabin ventilation like civil vehicles, drive special vehicles for a long time, the cockpit faces small space, less cold source, large heat load, lack of fresh air, and the external environmental conditions are complex. This requires the fine design of the air supply system for special vehicle compartments to meet the thermal comfort and thermal control needs of personnel and multiple devices, so it is necessary to optimize the ventilation system based on the cockpit characteristics of special vehicles to ensure the thermal requirements of the whole cabin. In order to make the heat exchange between the cockpit air supply and the heat source in the cabin as complete as possible and bring out more heat, this paper first establishes the three-dimensional physical model and simulation model of the typical cabin and crew for a special vehicle. The simulation and optimization analysis of air distribution for 10 kinds of air supply modes is carried out, and the multi-physical field of special vehicle cabin is obtained. The optimization of air distribution is carried out from two aspects: tuyere form and tuyere position. In the tuyere form optimization, a variety of tuyere combination forms are proposed and simulated respectively. Aiming at equipment temperature control, personnel thermal comfort and air age, the simulation results are evaluated by using evaluation function, and 10 types of air supply conditions are simulated. From the simulation results, based on the above multi-optimization objectives, the tuyere position optimization for the preliminary optimal air supply form is further carried out. On the basis of the optimization results of tuyere form, genetic algorithm is used to set the position parameters as optimization parameters, two evaluation functions are selected as the optimization objective functions, and the constraint conditions such as head and foot temperature difference are set to the optimization model. The simulation results are screened and the inverse optimization is carried out. Finally, the optimal tuyere position is obtained and the optimization of air distribution is completed. This study has certain significance for the study of limited space thermal comfort and air quality of fully sealed special vehicles.

Key words: cabin environment, air supply optimization, thermal comfort, air age

摘要：

特种车辆由于其功能特殊性和封闭性，无法像民用车辆一样利用窗户的开闭来控制舱室通风，长时间驾驶特种车辆，驾驶舱面临空间小、冷源少、热负荷大、缺乏新鲜空气等问题，且外部环境条件复杂。这就要求特种车辆舱室送风系统精细设计，满足人员和多个装置的热舒适和热控需求，因此有必要基于特殊车辆的驾驶舱特点，合理布局并优化通风系统，保证整舱热要求。为了让座舱送风与舱内热源热交换尽量完全，带出更多的热量，首先针对某型特种车辆，建立了典型舱室和乘员的三维物理模型和仿真模型。针对10种送风模式进行了详细的气流组织仿真优化分析，获得了特种车辆舱室多物理场。气流组织优化是从风口形式和送风口位置两方面进行，风口形式优化中提出多种风口组合形式，分别进行仿真。以设备温控、人员热舒适和空气龄等为目标，利用评价函数对仿真结果进行评价，对10种类型的送风工况进行了仿真。从仿真结果中，以上述多优化目标为依据，进一步开展了针对初步优选的送风形式的风口位置优化。在风口形式优化结果的基础上，采用遗传算法，将位置参数设为优化参数，选取两个评估函数作为优化的目标函数，并将头足温差等约束条件设置到优化模型中，对仿真结果进行筛选和逆优化研究，最终得到最优风口位置，完成气流组织优化。研究对于全密封特种车辆的有限空间热舒适性和空气质量研究具有一定意义。

关键词: 舱室环境, 送风优化, 热舒适性, 空气龄