CoTPP-TBAB catalyzed tandem transformation of styrene carbonate from styrene in the presence of O2 and CO2

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200248

Abstract

Abstract:

The direct synthesis cyclic carbonate from styrene, O₂ and CO₂ is of great academic attraction and industrial value in modern chemistry. The metalloporphyrin/tetrabutylammonium bromide was employed as binary catalyst for this reaction in the presence of O₂ and CO₂ by using methyl 2-cyclopentanone-carboxylate as co-catalysts. The effects of reaction parameters on catalytic performance were investigated systematically. Under the optimal reaction conditions, conversion of styrene (99%) and selectivity to cyclic carbonate (35%) were obtained. The possible mechanism of cascade reaction was proposed by using in-situ ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the cobalt center is coordinated with the ring oxygen atom of methyl 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate to activate oxygen to form a peroxy active species, thereby forming a high-valent cobalt-oxygen intermediate, which passes oxygen atoms to styrene and generate epoxy styrene. Then, styrene oxide opened ring under the catalysis of tetrabutylammonium bromide, and finally formed cyclic carbonate through CO₂ insertion reaction and intramolecular ring-closing reaction.

Key words: metalloporphyrin, oxidation, oxygen, carbon dioxide, biomimetic catalysis, cyclic carbonate

摘要：

通过仿生催化，将苯乙烯、氧气（O₂）和二氧化碳（CO₂）直接合成环状碳酸酯在现代化学中极具学术研究意义和工业应用价值。采用钴卟啉-四丁基溴化铵为双组分催化剂，以2-氧代环戊烷羧酸甲酯为助剂，在O₂和CO₂条件下，直接将苯乙烯转化为碳酸苯乙烯酯。系统考察了催化剂用量等因素对催化性能的影响。在最佳反应条件下，苯乙烯的转化率高达99%，环状碳酸酯的收率可达35%。利用在线紫外与在线红外探讨了该串联反应可能的机理。结果表明，钴中心与2-氧代环戊烷羧酸甲酯的环内氧原子配位后活化氧气形成过氧活性物种，进而形成高价钴-氧中间体，其通过传递氧原子给苯乙烯而生成环氧苯乙烷。而后，环氧苯乙烷在四丁基溴化铵的催化作用下开环，并通过CO₂插入反应和分子内闭环反应最终生成环状碳酸酯。

关键词: 金属卟啉, 氧化, 氧气, 二氧化碳, 仿生催化, 环状碳酸酯

CLC Number:

O 643

Yaju CHEN,Zhongxiu LIANG,Xiantai ZHOU,Hongbing JI. CoTPP-TBAB catalyzed tandem transformation of styrene carbonate from styrene in the presence of O₂ and CO₂[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(11): 4981-4989.

陈亚举,梁中秀,周贤太,纪红兵. 钴卟啉-四丁基溴化铵串联催化苯乙烯在氧气和二氧化碳中合成碳酸苯乙烯酯[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(11): 4981-4989.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 The direct synthesis of styrene to styrene carbonate within O2 and CO2

Fig.2 The effect of amount of CoTPP on styrene epoxidation

Fig.3 The effect of amount of MCC on styrene epoxidation

Fig.4 The effect of reaction temperature on styrene epoxidation

Fig.5 The effect of reaction time on styrene epoxidation

Fig.6 The effect of amount of TBAB on cycloaddition of styrene epoxide with CO2

Fig.7 The effect of reaction temperature on cycloaddition of styrene epoxide with CO2

Fig.8 The effect of reaction time on cycloaddition of styrene epoxide with CO2

Table 1 Results of the direct synthesis of styrene carbonate from styrene, dioxygen and carbon dioxide①

Entry	CoTPP/mmol	TBAB/mmol	MCC/mmol	Reaction time /h	Conv. ^②/%	Yield ^② /%
Entry	CoTPP/mmol	TBAB/mmol	MCC/mmol	Reaction time /h	Conv. ^②/%	SC	SO	BA
1	0.005	—	5.0	12	99	1	7	13
2	—	0.1	5.0	12	46	5	1	3
3	0.005	0.1	5.0	12	99	20	2	13
4	0.005	0.3	5.0	12	99	20	2	10
5	0.005	0.5	5.0	12	99	21	2	10
6	0.005	0.5	5.0	26	99	21	2	7
7	0.005	0.5	1.0	12	47	14	1	12
8	0.005	0.5	2.0	12	99	35	2	12
9	0.005	0.5	3.0	12	99	34	3	14

Fig.9 Kinetic curve for the direct synthesis styrene carbonate from styrene, O2 and CO2

Fig.10 In-situ UV-vis spectra of CoTPP during the reaction process

Fig.11 Three-dimensional stack plot of in-situ IR spectra collected every 1 min during the coupling reaction of SO and CO2 over TBAB(a); changes of the epoxide ring and SC vibrational peaks at different time(b)

Fig.12 Plausible reaction mechanism of direct synthesis of styrene carbonate from styrene, CO2 and O2

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CoTPP-TBAB catalyzed tandem transformation of styrene carbonate from styrene in the presence of O₂ and CO₂

钴卟啉-四丁基溴化铵串联催化苯乙烯在氧气和二氧化碳中合成碳酸苯乙烯酯

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