Properties analysis of dry-process calcium carbide slag and study on acetylene gas escape behavior

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201263

Abstract

Abstract:

Dry-process calcium carbide slag is a large amount of calcium-based solid waste produced in the process of making acetylene by the calcium carbide process, in which residual calcium carbide and acetylene gas have a greater impact on resource utilization. Focusing on the hidden safety problem caused by the acetylene gathering, the physical and chemical properties of dry calcium carbide slag were analyzed. The changes of residual calcium carbide content and the influences of different temperature, humidity, vibration, open time, gas replacement and other factors on the escape behavior of acetylene gas were investigated. The results show that the main component of calcium carbide slag is calcium hydroxide, and the particle size is concentrated below 75 μm. The morphology of the slag is polyhedral and loose sheet-like. The residual amount of calcium carbide in the slag fluctuates from 0 to 0.71%. The increase of temperature and moisture can promote the escape of acetylene gas from calcium carbide slag. Vibration has no obvious promotion or suppression effect, moreover, most acetylene can escape from calcium carbide slag with the combination of hanging and air replacement. Through this method, the explosion risk caused by the gathering of acetylene gas can be effectively reduced. The research can provide a reference for the storage, transportation and utilization of calcium carbide slag in the industrial production process.

Key words: calcium carbide slag, acetylene gas, waste treatment, diffusion, equilibrium

摘要：

干法电石渣是电石法制乙炔过程中产生的大宗钙基固废，其中残留电石及乙炔气对资源化利用影响较大。针对利用过程乙炔气富集的安全隐患问题，对电石渣的粒径分布、矿相组成、微观形貌等进行了系统分析和表征，考察了残留电石含量变化及不同温度、湿度、振荡、晾置时间、气体置换等因素对乙炔气逸出行为影响。结果表明：干法电石渣主要物相是Ca(OH)₂，以多面体片状疏松结构存在，粒度集中分布在75 μm以下，电石残余量0~0.71%；温度升高及水分含量增加促进电石渣内乙炔气的逸出，振荡无明显促进或抑制作用；采用预先晾置与气体置换相结合的方式能够使得电石渣内乙炔气得以大量逸散，有效降低乙炔气富集燃爆风险，本工作可为干法电石渣的安全运输和利用提供依据。

关键词: 干法电石渣, 乙炔气, 废物处理, 扩散, 平衡

CLC Number:

X 784

MU Xiujuan, ZHU Ganyu, YAN Kun, ZHAO Liwen, LI Shaopeng, LI Huiquan, SUN Guoxin. Properties analysis of dry-process calcium carbide slag and study on acetylene gas escape behavior[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(2): 1107-1115.

牟秀娟, 朱干宇, 颜坤, 赵立文, 李少鹏, 李会泉, 孙国新. 干法电石渣性质分析及乙炔气逸出行为研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(2): 1107-1115.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of double air bag ventilation method

Table 1 Determination of elemental composition of calcium carbide slag

元素	含量/%
元素	>106 μm	75~106 μm	58~75 μm	48~58 μm	<48 μm
Ca	65.72	69.24	68.14	67.97	67.74
O	29.45	29.13	29.53	29.58	29.64
Fe	2.86	0.23	0.17	0.18	0.19
Si	1.09	0.65	1.17	1.23	1.31
Al	0.32	0.32	0.53	0.57	0.59
S	0.21	0.21	0.27	0.27	0.28
Ti	0.14	—	—	0.04	0.06
Sr	0.10	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.13
Cl	0.03	0.04	0.02	0.03	0.03
Mg	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02

Fig.2 Particle size distribution of calcium carbide slag

Fig.3 Phase analysis of dry-process calcium carbide slag

Fig.5 Morphology analysis of dry-process carbide slag

Fig.4 Calcium carbide slag adsorption isotherm

Fig.6 The amount of acetylene gas escaped from the carbide slag in 3 h

Fig.7 The effect of humidity on acetylene gas escape

Fig.8 Change of residual calcium carbide content in dry-process calcium carbide slag

Fig.9 The influence of external environment on the acetylene gas escape

Fig.10 The effect of open time on the escape of acetylene gas

Fig.11 The effect of gas replacement on the escape of acetylene gas

Fig.12 Principle diagram of acetylene gas concentration reduction in calcium carbide slag

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