Thermodynamic analysis of CO2 near-zero-emission power system with integrated solar energy, supercritical water gasification of coal and SOFC

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230948

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the composition characteristic of the syngas produced through supercritical water gasification of coal, a novel CO₂near-zero-emission power system with integrated supercritical water gasification of coal with solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is proposed. Solar energy is used to heat the gasification chamber water supply and provide coal gasification reaction heat. The gasified syngas enters the SOFC to generate electricity. The exhaust gas from the anode of the SOFC is combusted with pure oxygen in the combustor of the gas turbine, and CO₂/H₂O mixture is produced. CO₂ can be easily separated and captured. The influences of key parameters such as coal-water-slurry concentration in the gasifier, working temperature of the SOFC, and reforming temperature on the system performances are studied. The distribution pattern, transfer and transformation mechanisms of the energy and exergy in the system are revealed. As the previously mentioned key parameters are 11.3%(mass), 1000℃, and 750℃, respectively, the power efficiency can reach 47.59%. This research achieves near-zero CO₂emissions through the complementary cascade utilization of coal chemical energy and solar energy, combined with electrochemical reactions in SOFC and oxygen-rich combustion technology in the combustion chamber, which is of great significance to achieving the dual-carbon goal.

Key words: process systems, solar energy, supercritical water gasification of coal, integration, SOFC, computer simulation

摘要：

基于超临界水煤气化合成气的成分特征，提出了一种新型CO₂近零排放的太阳能驱动超临界水煤气化耦合固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)发电系统。太阳能用于加热气化室给水以及提供煤气化反应热，气化合成气进入SOFC发电，SOFC阳极排气与纯氧在燃气轮机燃烧室内发生燃烧反应，产物为CO₂/H₂O混合物，易于实现CO₂的分离捕集。研究了气化室内煤浆浓度、SOFC工作温度以及重整温度等关键参数对系统性能的影响规律，揭示了系统能量能质的分布规律及转移转化机制，上述参数分别为11.3%(质量)、1000℃以及750℃时，系统的发电效率可达到47.59%。该研究通过煤炭化学能与太阳能的互补梯级利用，结合SOFC内电化学反应及燃烧室内富氧燃烧技术，实现了CO₂近零排放，对实现双碳目标具有重要意义。

关键词: 过程系统, 太阳能, 超临界水煤气化, 集成, SOFC, 计算机模拟

CLC Number:

TK 123

Zhewen CHEN, Junjie WEI, Yuming ZHANG, Wei ZHANG, Jiazhou LI. Thermodynamic analysis of CO₂ near-zero-emission power system with integrated solar energy, supercritical water gasification of coal and SOFC[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(11): 4688-4701.

陈哲文, 魏俊杰, 张玉明, 张炜, 李家州. CO₂近零排放的光煤互补耦合SOFC发电系统热力学分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(11): 4688-4701.

Figures/Tables 18

Fig.1 The technical routes of the supercritical water gasification of coal

Fig.2 The energy conversion and transformation in the power system integrated solar-driven supercritical water-coal gasification and SOFC

Fig.3 Flow chart of solar-driven supercritical water coal gasification coupled SOFC power generation system

Table 1 System key parameter and the value［25，32］

参数	取值
环境温度/℃	25
镜场开口面积/m²	5.21×10⁴
太阳能辐照强度/(W/m²)	700
总光学效率/%	73.76
太阳能气化炉温度/℃，压力/bar	660，250
换热器夹点温度/℃	10
水泵效率/%	80
重整反应器温度/℃，压力/bar	750，15
变换反应器温度/℃，压力/bar	220，15
SOFC反应温度/℃，压力/bar	1000，15
膨胀机等熵效率/%	90
燃气透平等熵效率/%	89
压气机等熵效率/%	88
燃气透平压比	15

Table 2 Proximate analysis and ultimate analysis of gasification coal

工业分析/%（质量，收到基）				元素分析/%（质量，收到基）
水分	灰分	挥发分	固定碳	碳	氢	氧	氮	硫
2.79	6.84	33.19	57.18	74.29	4.69	9.26	1.00	1.12

Fig.4 Energy balance diagram of solar-coal gasification process

Table 3 Parameters needed to calculate ohm loss［36］

参数	数值
电池长度/m，直径/m	1.5，0.022
阳极厚度 $δ a n$ /m	0.0001
阴极厚度 $δ c a$ /m	0.0022
电解质厚度 $δ e l$ /m	0.00004
互连厚度 $δ i n t$ /m	0.000085
阳极电阻率 $ρ a n$ / $(Ω ∙ m)$	2.98 $× 10 - 5$ exp（-1392/T）
阴极电阻率 $ρ c a$ / $(Ω ∙ m)$	8.114 $× 10 - 5$ exp（600/T）
电解液电阻率 $ρ e l$ / $(Ω ∙ m)$	2.94 $× 10 - 5$ exp（10350/T）
互连电阻率 $ρ i n t$ / $(Ω ∙ m)$	1.2 $× 10 - 3$ exp（4690/T）

Table 3 Parameters needed to calculate ohm loss［36］

参数	数值
电池长度/m，直径/m	1.5，0.022
阳极厚度 $δ a n$ /m	0.0001
阴极厚度 $δ c a$ /m	0.0022
电解质厚度 $δ e l$ /m	0.00004
互连厚度 $δ i n t$ /m	0.000085
阳极电阻率 $ρ a n$ / $(Ω ∙ m)$	2.98 $× 10 - 5$ exp（-1392/T）
阴极电阻率 $ρ c a$ / $(Ω ∙ m)$	8.114 $× 10 - 5$ exp（600/T）
电解液电阻率 $ρ e l$ / $(Ω ∙ m)$	2.94 $× 10 - 5$ exp（10350/T）
互连电阻率 $ρ i n t$ / $(Ω ∙ m)$	1.2 $× 10 - 3$ exp（4690/T）

Table 4 Parameters needed to calculate activation loss［37-38］

参数	数值
阳极指前因子 $γ$ _an/(10⁹A $/$ m²)	7
阴极指前因子 $γ$ _ca/(10⁹A $/$ m²)	7
阳极活化能E_act,an/(10⁴J $/$ mol)	11
阴极活化能E_act,ca/(10⁴J $/$ mol)	12

Table 4 Parameters needed to calculate activation loss［37-38］

参数	数值
阳极指前因子 $γ$ _an/(10⁹A $/$ m²)	7
阴极指前因子 $γ$ _ca/(10⁹A $/$ m²)	7
阳极活化能E_act,an/(10⁴J $/$ mol)	11
阴极活化能E_act,ca/(10⁴J $/$ mol)	12

Table 5 The parameters required to calculate the diffusion loss［39］

参数	数值
H₂分子扩散体积/(10^-6m³ $/$ mol)	6.12
$O 2$ 分子扩散体积/(10^-6m³ $/$ mol)	16.3
$N 2$ 分子扩散体积/(10^-6m³ $/$ mol)	18.3
H₂O分子扩散体积/(10^-6m³ $/$ mol)	13.1

Table 5 The parameters required to calculate the diffusion loss［39］

参数	数值
H₂分子扩散体积/(10^-6m³ $/$ mol)	6.12
$O 2$ 分子扩散体积/(10^-6m³ $/$ mol)	16.3
$N 2$ 分子扩散体积/(10^-6m³ $/$ mol)	18.3
H₂O分子扩散体积/(10^-6m³ $/$ mol)	13.1

Fig.5 Comparison of experimental values in literature and calculated values in model

Table 6 Calculation results and output parameters

参数	数值
Nernst电压/V	0.947
欧姆损失/V	0.113
活化损失/V	0.007
扩散损失/V	0.046
工作电压/V	0.782
电流/A	2.114×10⁷
SOFC电堆功率/kW	16532
系统净发电量/kW	29439.32
系统发电效率/%	47.59

Table 7 Parameters of the key points in the system

物流	温度/℃	压力/bar	摩尔流量/(kmol/s)	摩尔组成占比/%
气化煤	25.0	1	1 kg/s	—
2	660.0	250	0.484	H₂：10.8、CO：0.5、CO₂：6.9、CH₄：4.0、C₂H₆：0.3、H₂O：77.4
3	92.0	1	0.484	H₂：10.8、CO：0.5、CO₂：6.9、CH₄：4.0、C₂H₆：0.3、H₂O：77.4
4	25.0	1	0.436	H₂O：100
5	54.7	250	0.436	H₂O：100
6	25.0	1	0.112	H₂：46.6、CO：2.3、CO₂：29.3、CH₄：17.1、C₂H₆：1.5、H₂O：3.2
7	990.0	1	0.112	H₂：46.6、CO：2.3、CO₂：29.3、CH₄：17.1、C₂H₆：1.5、H₂O：3.2
8	750.0	15	0.186	H₂：59.3、CO：11.7、CO₂：17.7、C₂H₆：0.9、H₂O：10.4
9	90.0	15	0.186	H₂：59.3、CO：11.7、CO₂：17.7、C₂H₆：0.9、H₂O：10.4
10	220.0	15	0.225	H₂：58.6、CO₂：24.3、C₂H₆：0.7、H₂O：16.4
11	650.0	15	0.225	H₂：58.6、CO₂：24.3、C₂H₆：0.7、H₂O：16.4
12	999.4	15	0.225	H₂：10.0、CO₂：24.3、C₂H₆：0.7、H₂O：65.0
13	25.0	1	0.382	O₂：21.0、N₂：79.0
14	407.9	15	0.382	O₂：21.0、N₂：79.0
15	650.0	15	0.382	O₂：21.0、N₂：79.0
16	999.4	15	0.327	O₂：7.8、N₂：92.2
17	729.4	15	0.327	O₂：7.8、N₂：92.2
18	390.5	15	0.327	O₂：7.8、N₂：92.2
19	222.0	15	0.327	O₂：7.8、N₂：92.2
20	25.0	1	0.017	O₂：100
21	25.0	1	0.327	O₂：7.8、N₂：92.2
22	211.9	250	0.436	H₂O：100
23	253.0	250	0.436	H₂O：100
24	1245.9	15	0.232	CO₂：25.0、H₂O：75.0
25	734.0	1	0.232	CO₂：25.0、H₂O：75.0
26	120.0	1	0.232	CO₂：25.0、H₂O：75.0
27	542.6	15	0.225	H₂：10.0、CO₂：24.3、C₂H₆：0.7、H₂O：65.0

Fig.6 The energy flow diagram of solar-driven supercritical water coal gasification coupled SOFC power generation system

Table 8 Exergic balance analysis of system

项目	数值/kW	占比/%
㶲输入
气化煤	26015.83	41.97
太阳能	35973.04	58.03
总计	61988.87	100
㶲输出
气化室未反应碳	1415.26	2.28
系统净发电量	29439.32	47.49
冷凝器	2500.53	4.03
燃气轮机排烟	1266.72	2.04
㶲损失
未吸收太阳能的㶲	9439.33	15.23
太阳能气化室	8889.86	14.34
膨胀机	964.28	1.56
燃气透平	214.86	0.35
燃烧室	1668.55	2.69
压气机	238.05	0.38
换热器1	633.89	1.02
换热器2	896.28	1.45
换热器3	250.15	0.40
换热器4	326.68	0.53
省煤器1	1678.28	2.71
省煤器2	123.52	0.20
重整反应器	364.47	0.59
变换反应器	263.55	0.43
SOFC	1196.42	1.93
SOFC阴极空气透平	218.76	0.35
总计	61988.87	100
㶲效率	47.49%

Fig.7 Influences of reforming temperature and SOFC operating temperature on power generation efficiency

Fig.8 Influences of CWSC and SOFC operating temperature on power generation efficiency

Fig.9 The influences of fuel utilization rate on power generation efficiency

Table 9 The comparison between different coal-based carbon capture and storage technologies

文献	系统类型	碳捕集方法	发电效率/%		CO₂捕集率/%
文献	系统类型	碳捕集方法	不带CCS	带CCS	CO₂捕集率/%
[42]	IGCC	燃烧前捕集	45.35	35.16	90.00
[43]	IGCC	燃烧前捕集	40.92	35.60	90.00
[44]	IGCC	燃烧前捕集	41.27	36.46	96.00
[45]	BIGCC	燃烧前捕集	36.40	26.00	76.40
[45]		燃烧后捕集	38.80	24.70	90.00
[46]	IGCC	燃烧前捕集	44.10	35.00	—
[47]	IGCC	燃烧前捕集	47.66	38.38	90.80
[47]	IGCC	富氧燃烧	47.66	40.27	97.40
[48]	IGCC	燃烧前捕集	50.79	38.71	88.00
[49]	MCFC-MGT	富氧燃烧	55.13	45.41	100.00
[50]	IGCC	富氧燃烧	47.24	40.06	95.67
[51]	IGCC	燃烧前捕集	44.00	34.00	85~90
[52]	IGCC	燃烧后捕集	43.00	31.80	90.00
[53]	IGCC	燃烧后捕集	49.30	40.80	81.00
[54]	IGCC	富氧燃烧	44.34	34.76	88.00
[55]	IGCC	富氧燃烧	41.51	32.96	100.00
[56]	IGCC	燃烧前捕集	42.10	37.80	92.00
[56]	IGCC	燃烧后捕集	42.10	41.00	92.00
[57]	IGCC	燃烧前捕集	42.15	35.82	92.83
[57]	IGCC	燃烧后捕集	42.15	34.63	90.36
本文系统	光煤互补耦合SOFC	多能互补+富氧燃烧		47.59	100.00

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Thermodynamic analysis of CO₂ near-zero-emission power system with integrated solar energy, supercritical water gasification of coal and SOFC

CO₂近零排放的光煤互补耦合SOFC发电系统热力学分析

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