化工学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (9): 3483-3494.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20190169
收稿日期:
2019-03-01
修回日期:
2019-05-09
出版日期:
2019-09-05
发布日期:
2019-09-05
通讯作者:
苏庆泉
作者简介:
李艺群(1990—),男,博士研究生,基金资助:
Yiqun LI1(),Chunhuan LUO1,2,Na LI1,3,Qingquan SU1,2()
Received:
2019-03-01
Revised:
2019-05-09
Online:
2019-09-05
Published:
2019-09-05
Contact:
Qingquan SU
摘要:
利用低品位的太阳能热、地热或者工业领域低温余热废热进行吸收式制冷是实现节能减排的一个有效途径。对具有良好制冷吸收特性的工质对CaCl2-LiCl/H2O进行了实验研究,通过测定不同质量比的CaCl2-LiCl/H2O溶液的饱和蒸气压,得出了CaCl2与LiCl的质量比为2∶1的工质对即CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O的制冷吸收特性最佳。CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O与常规的工质对LiBr/H2O相比,在大幅降低工质对成本的同时,在同一制冷工况下所需驱动热源温度即发生温度降低了5.8℃,而制冷COP提高0.041,?效率提高0.052。还系统测定了CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O的结晶温度、密度、黏度、比热容、比焓以及腐蚀性。结果表明,相较于其他几种以CaCl2为主要成分的工质对,CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O具有较低的黏性,且对碳钢和紫铜的腐蚀性也较小,可满足实际工程应用的要求。
中图分类号:
李艺群, 罗春欢, 李娜, 苏庆泉. 基于吸收式制冷循环的CaCl2-LiCl/H2O工质对研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(9): 3483-3494.
Yiqun LI, Chunhuan LUO, Na LI, Qingquan SU. Study on CaCl2-LiCl/H2O as working pair of absorption refrigeration cycle[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(9): 3483-3494.
成分 | 碳钢 | 紫铜 |
---|---|---|
C | 0.16 | — |
Mn | 0.53 | — |
Si | 0.3 | 0.006 |
P | 0.035 | — |
S | 0.04 | 0.01 |
Zn | — | 0.005 |
Pb | — | 0.05 |
Sn | — | 0.05 |
Fe | 余量 | 0.05 |
Cu | — | 余量 |
表1 Q235普碳钢和T6紫铜的成分
Table 1 Composition of Q235 carbon steel and T6 copper
成分 | 碳钢 | 紫铜 |
---|---|---|
C | 0.16 | — |
Mn | 0.53 | — |
Si | 0.3 | 0.006 |
P | 0.035 | — |
S | 0.04 | 0.01 |
Zn | — | 0.005 |
Pb | — | 0.05 |
Sn | — | 0.05 |
Fe | 余量 | 0.05 |
Cu | — | 余量 |
图5 相同质量分数的CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O, CaCl2/H2O和LiCl/H2O的结晶温度对比
Fig.5 Comparison of crystallization temperatures of CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O, CaCl2/H2O and LiCl/H2O at the same concentrations
w=40.0% | w=45.0% | w=50.0% | w=55.0% | w=60.0% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T/℃ | p/kPa | T/℃ | p/kPa | T/℃ | p/kPa | T/℃ | p/kPa | T/℃ | p/kPa |
25.1 | 1.255 | 25.0 | 0.898 | 25.0 | 0.667 | 25.2 | 0.388 | ||
30.0 | 1.980 | 29.7 | 1.313 | 29.8 | 0.914 | 30.1 | 0.491 | ||
34.8 | 2.801 | 35.2 | 1.827 | 35.1 | 1.248 | 35.0 | 0.691 | ||
40.2 | 3.835 | 40.0 | 2.440 | 40.1 | 1.711 | 40.2 | 0.990 | ||
45.3 | 5.172 | 45.0 | 3.222 | 45.5 | 2.240 | 44.8 | 1.342 | ||
50.0 | 6.735 | 49.9 | 4.191 | 49.7 | 2.895 | 49.6 | 1.915 | ||
55.2 | 8.418 | 54.8 | 5.379 | 55.1 | 3.755 | 55.3 | 2.602 | ||
60.5 | 10.736 | 59.6 | 6.855 | 60.0 | 4.804 | 60.1 | 3.351 | ||
65.0 | 13.016 | 65.1 | 8.746 | 65.3 | 6.060 | 65.0 | 4.392 | ||
69.9 | 16.262 | 70.0 | 10.840 | 69.7 | 7.640 | 70.4 | 5.525 | 70.1 | 4.529 |
74.6 | 19.902 | 75.3 | 13.457 | 74.8 | 9.578 | 74.9 | 7.008 | 75.0 | 5.660 |
80.0 | 24.473 | 80.2 | 16.629 | 79.9 | 11.942 | 79.6 | 8.794 | 80.3 | 7.173 |
85.1 | 29.233 | 84.8 | 20.408 | 85.1 | 14.799 | 85.0 | 10.985 | 85.3 | 8.735 |
89.7 | 35.130 | 89.9 | 24.920 | 90.1 | 18.241 | 90.1 | 13.647 | 89.9 | 10.847 |
95.0 | 42.020 | 95.0 | 30.250 | 95.2 | 22.364 | 95.3 | 16.832 | 95.2 | 13.227 |
100.2 | 49.987 | 100.0 | 36.798 | 100.3 | 27.363 | 99.9 | 20.640 | 100.1 | 16.154 |
表2 CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O的饱和蒸气压
Table 2 Saturated vapor pressures of CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O
w=40.0% | w=45.0% | w=50.0% | w=55.0% | w=60.0% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T/℃ | p/kPa | T/℃ | p/kPa | T/℃ | p/kPa | T/℃ | p/kPa | T/℃ | p/kPa |
25.1 | 1.255 | 25.0 | 0.898 | 25.0 | 0.667 | 25.2 | 0.388 | ||
30.0 | 1.980 | 29.7 | 1.313 | 29.8 | 0.914 | 30.1 | 0.491 | ||
34.8 | 2.801 | 35.2 | 1.827 | 35.1 | 1.248 | 35.0 | 0.691 | ||
40.2 | 3.835 | 40.0 | 2.440 | 40.1 | 1.711 | 40.2 | 0.990 | ||
45.3 | 5.172 | 45.0 | 3.222 | 45.5 | 2.240 | 44.8 | 1.342 | ||
50.0 | 6.735 | 49.9 | 4.191 | 49.7 | 2.895 | 49.6 | 1.915 | ||
55.2 | 8.418 | 54.8 | 5.379 | 55.1 | 3.755 | 55.3 | 2.602 | ||
60.5 | 10.736 | 59.6 | 6.855 | 60.0 | 4.804 | 60.1 | 3.351 | ||
65.0 | 13.016 | 65.1 | 8.746 | 65.3 | 6.060 | 65.0 | 4.392 | ||
69.9 | 16.262 | 70.0 | 10.840 | 69.7 | 7.640 | 70.4 | 5.525 | 70.1 | 4.529 |
74.6 | 19.902 | 75.3 | 13.457 | 74.8 | 9.578 | 74.9 | 7.008 | 75.0 | 5.660 |
80.0 | 24.473 | 80.2 | 16.629 | 79.9 | 11.942 | 79.6 | 8.794 | 80.3 | 7.173 |
85.1 | 29.233 | 84.8 | 20.408 | 85.1 | 14.799 | 85.0 | 10.985 | 85.3 | 8.735 |
89.7 | 35.130 | 89.9 | 24.920 | 90.1 | 18.241 | 90.1 | 13.647 | 89.9 | 10.847 |
95.0 | 42.020 | 95.0 | 30.250 | 95.2 | 22.364 | 95.3 | 16.832 | 95.2 | 13.227 |
100.2 | 49.987 | 100.0 | 36.798 | 100.3 | 27.363 | 99.9 | 20.640 | 100.1 | 16.154 |
i | Ai | Bi | Ci | AARD |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | -1.596×102 | -1.484×105 | 5.184×102 | 0.74% |
1 | 1.143×103 | 2.559×106 | 7.668×102 | |
2 | 1.362×104 | 2.625×103 | 4.173×102 | |
3 | 1.536×103 | -9.150×106 | -1.481×102 | |
4 | 8.118 | 2.110×106 | 8.453×10 |
表3 CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O饱和蒸气压的回归参数和
Table 3 Regression parameters and AARD for saturated vapor pressures of CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O
i | Ai | Bi | Ci | AARD |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | -1.596×102 | -1.484×105 | 5.184×102 | 0.74% |
1 | 1.143×103 | 2.559×106 | 7.668×102 | |
2 | 1.362×104 | 2.625×103 | 4.173×102 | |
3 | 1.536×103 | -9.150×106 | -1.481×102 | |
4 | 8.118 | 2.110×106 | 8.453×10 |
w=40.0% | w=45.0% | w=50.0% | w=55.0% | w=60.0% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T/℃ | ρ/(g·cm-3) | T/℃ | ρ/(g·cm-3) | T/℃ | ρ/(g·cm-3) | T/℃ | ρ/(g·cm-3) | T/℃ | ρ/(g·cm-3) |
30.0 | 1.8957 | 30.0 | 1.9434 | 30.1 | 1.9927 | 30.9 | 2.0393 | — | — |
39.8 | 1.8896 | 39.8 | 1.9374 | 39.9 | 1.9856 | 40.1 | 2.0331 | — | — |
50.0 | 1.8829 | 50.1 | 1.9309 | 50.0 | 1.9789 | 50.0 | 2.0267 | — | — |
60.0 | 1.8770 | 60.3 | 1.9241 | 60.0 | 1.9789 | 60.1 | 2.0203 | 60.0 | 2.0449 |
69.8 | 1.8708 | 69.9 | 1.9181 | 69.6 | 1.9672 | 69.9 | 2.0143 | 70.1 | 2.0371 |
79.9 | 1.8647 | 79.7 | 1.9125 | 79.6 | 1.9612 | 80.0 | 2.0085 | 80.0 | 2.0299 |
89.8 | 1.8590 | 89.7 | 1.9069 | 89.8 | 1.9550 | 89.9 | 2.0029 | 90.1 | 2.0248 |
99.9 | 1.8535 | 99.6 | 1.9012 | 99.6 | 1.9500 | 99.8 | 1.9978 | 99.9 | 2.0195 |
表4 CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O的密度
Table 4 Densities of CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O
w=40.0% | w=45.0% | w=50.0% | w=55.0% | w=60.0% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T/℃ | ρ/(g·cm-3) | T/℃ | ρ/(g·cm-3) | T/℃ | ρ/(g·cm-3) | T/℃ | ρ/(g·cm-3) | T/℃ | ρ/(g·cm-3) |
30.0 | 1.8957 | 30.0 | 1.9434 | 30.1 | 1.9927 | 30.9 | 2.0393 | — | — |
39.8 | 1.8896 | 39.8 | 1.9374 | 39.9 | 1.9856 | 40.1 | 2.0331 | — | — |
50.0 | 1.8829 | 50.1 | 1.9309 | 50.0 | 1.9789 | 50.0 | 2.0267 | — | — |
60.0 | 1.8770 | 60.3 | 1.9241 | 60.0 | 1.9789 | 60.1 | 2.0203 | 60.0 | 2.0449 |
69.8 | 1.8708 | 69.9 | 1.9181 | 69.6 | 1.9672 | 69.9 | 2.0143 | 70.1 | 2.0371 |
79.9 | 1.8647 | 79.7 | 1.9125 | 79.6 | 1.9612 | 80.0 | 2.0085 | 80.0 | 2.0299 |
89.8 | 1.8590 | 89.7 | 1.9069 | 89.8 | 1.9550 | 89.9 | 2.0029 | 90.1 | 2.0248 |
99.9 | 1.8535 | 99.6 | 1.9012 | 99.6 | 1.9500 | 99.8 | 1.9978 | 99.9 | 2.0195 |
w=40.0% | w=45.0% | w=50.0% | w=55.0% | w=60.0% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T/℃ | η/(mPa·s) | T/℃ | η/(mPa·s) | T/℃ | η/(mPa·s) | T/℃ | η/(mPa·s) | T/℃ | η/(mPa·s) |
30.0 | 6.4417 | 30.0 | 10.0894 | 30.1 | 18.4371 | 30.9 | 33.5353 | — | — |
39.8 | 5.0810 | 39.8 | 7.9360 | 39.9 | 13.5747 | 40.1 | 23.8138 | — | — |
50.0 | 4.1293 | 50.1 | 6.2727 | 50.0 | 10.1141 | 50.0 | 17.5305 | — | — |
60.0 | 3.4514 | 60.3 | 5.0874 | 60.0 | 8.3263 | 60.1 | 13.6596 | 60.0 | 18.4415 |
69.8 | 2.9182 | 69.9 | 4.2625 | 69.6 | 6.6501 | 69.9 | 10.7005 | 70.1 | 14.0103 |
79.9 | 2.5188 | 79.7 | 3.5989 | 79.6 | 5.5813 | 80.0 | 8.7180 | 80.0 | 11.0275 |
89.8 | 2.1855 | 89.7 | 3.0674 | 89.8 | 4.7153 | 89.9 | 7.1871 | 90.1 | 9.0751 |
99.9 | 1.9162 | 99.6 | 2.6789 | 99.6 | 3.9853 | 99.8 | 6.0610 | 99.9 | 7.5790 |
表5 CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O的黏度
Table 5 Viscosities of CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O
w=40.0% | w=45.0% | w=50.0% | w=55.0% | w=60.0% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T/℃ | η/(mPa·s) | T/℃ | η/(mPa·s) | T/℃ | η/(mPa·s) | T/℃ | η/(mPa·s) | T/℃ | η/(mPa·s) |
30.0 | 6.4417 | 30.0 | 10.0894 | 30.1 | 18.4371 | 30.9 | 33.5353 | — | — |
39.8 | 5.0810 | 39.8 | 7.9360 | 39.9 | 13.5747 | 40.1 | 23.8138 | — | — |
50.0 | 4.1293 | 50.1 | 6.2727 | 50.0 | 10.1141 | 50.0 | 17.5305 | — | — |
60.0 | 3.4514 | 60.3 | 5.0874 | 60.0 | 8.3263 | 60.1 | 13.6596 | 60.0 | 18.4415 |
69.8 | 2.9182 | 69.9 | 4.2625 | 69.6 | 6.6501 | 69.9 | 10.7005 | 70.1 | 14.0103 |
79.9 | 2.5188 | 79.7 | 3.5989 | 79.6 | 5.5813 | 80.0 | 8.7180 | 80.0 | 11.0275 |
89.8 | 2.1855 | 89.7 | 3.0674 | 89.8 | 4.7153 | 89.9 | 7.1871 | 90.1 | 9.0751 |
99.9 | 1.9162 | 99.6 | 2.6789 | 99.6 | 3.9853 | 99.8 | 6.0610 | 99.9 | 7.5790 |
w=40.0% | w=45.0% | w=50.0% | w=55.0% | w=60.0% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T/℃ | cp /(kJ·kg-1·℃-1) | T/℃ | cp /(kJ·kg-1·℃-1) | T/℃ | cp /(kJ·kg-1·℃-1) | T/℃ | cp /(kJ·kg-1·℃-1) | T/℃ | cp /(kJ·kg-1·℃-1) |
30.0 | 2.68 | 30.0 | 2.56 | 30.0 | 2.43 | 30.0 | 2.28 | — | — |
40.0 | 2.69 | 40.0 | 2.57 | 40.0 | 2.45 | 40.0 | 2.30 | — | — |
50.0 | 2.70 | 50.0 | 2.59 | 50.0 | 2.46 | 50.0 | 2.31 | — | — |
60.0 | 2.71 | 60.0 | 2.60 | 60.0 | 2.48 | 60.0 | 2.34 | 60.0 | 2.21 |
70.0 | 2.74 | 70.0 | 2.63 | 70.0 | 2.50 | 70.0 | 2.35 | 70.0 | 2.23 |
80.0 | 2.76 | 80.0 | 2.65 | 80.0 | 2.52 | 80.0 | 2.38 | 80.0 | 2.26 |
90.0 | 2.78 | 90.0 | 2.68 | 90.0 | 2.55 | 90.0 | 2.40 | 90.0 | 2.28 |
100.0 | 2.80 | 100.0 | 2.70 | 100.0 | 2.57 | 100.0 | 2.42 | 100.0 | 2..29 |
表6 CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O的比热容
Table 6 Specific heat capacity of CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O
w=40.0% | w=45.0% | w=50.0% | w=55.0% | w=60.0% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T/℃ | cp /(kJ·kg-1·℃-1) | T/℃ | cp /(kJ·kg-1·℃-1) | T/℃ | cp /(kJ·kg-1·℃-1) | T/℃ | cp /(kJ·kg-1·℃-1) | T/℃ | cp /(kJ·kg-1·℃-1) |
30.0 | 2.68 | 30.0 | 2.56 | 30.0 | 2.43 | 30.0 | 2.28 | — | — |
40.0 | 2.69 | 40.0 | 2.57 | 40.0 | 2.45 | 40.0 | 2.30 | — | — |
50.0 | 2.70 | 50.0 | 2.59 | 50.0 | 2.46 | 50.0 | 2.31 | — | — |
60.0 | 2.71 | 60.0 | 2.60 | 60.0 | 2.48 | 60.0 | 2.34 | 60.0 | 2.21 |
70.0 | 2.74 | 70.0 | 2.63 | 70.0 | 2.50 | 70.0 | 2.35 | 70.0 | 2.23 |
80.0 | 2.76 | 80.0 | 2.65 | 80.0 | 2.52 | 80.0 | 2.38 | 80.0 | 2.26 |
90.0 | 2.78 | 90.0 | 2.68 | 90.0 | 2.55 | 90.0 | 2.40 | 90.0 | 2.28 |
100.0 | 2.80 | 100.0 | 2.70 | 100.0 | 2.57 | 100.0 | 2.42 | 100.0 | 2..29 |
i | Ai | Bi | Ci | AARD |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 2.2760×10 | 2.9488×10-2 | 1.8683×10-4 | 0.19% |
1 | 3.6877×10 | -1.2945×10-1 | 8.6798×10-4 | |
2 | -6.9317×102 | 1.4542×10-1 | -9.6057×10-4 |
表7 CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O比热容的回归参数和平均绝对相对偏差
Table 7 Regression parameters and AARD for specific heat capacities of CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O
i | Ai | Bi | Ci | AARD |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 2.2760×10 | 2.9488×10-2 | 1.8683×10-4 | 0.19% |
1 | 3.6877×10 | -1.2945×10-1 | 8.6798×10-4 | |
2 | -6.9317×102 | 1.4542×10-1 | -9.6057×10-4 |
w=40.0% | w=45.0% | w=50.0% | w=55.0% | w=60.0% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T/℃ | h/(kJ·kg-1) | T/℃ | h/(kJ·kg-1) | T/℃ | h/(kJ·kg-1) | T/℃ | h/(kJ·kg-1) | T/℃ | h/(kJ·kg-1) |
30.0 | 321.29 | 30.0 | 310.46 | 30.0 | 304.27 | 30.0 | 298.49 | — | — |
40.0 | 348.13 | 40.0 | 336.07 | 40.0 | 328.64 | 40.0 | 321.34 | — | — |
50.0 | 375.14 | 50.0 | 361.88 | 50.0 | 353.22 | 50.0 | 344.40 | — | — |
60.0 | 402.33 | 60.0 | 387.89 | 60.0 | 378.01 | 60.0 | 367.66 | 60.0 | 353.23 |
70.0 | 429.71 | 70.0 | 414.10 | 70.0 | 403.00 | 70.0 | 391.14 | 70.0 | 375.46 |
80.0 | 457.26 | 80.0 | 440.51 | 80.0 | 428.21 | 80.0 | 414.82 | 80.0 | 397.92 |
90.0 | 484.99 | 90.0 | 467.12 | 90.0 | 453.63 | 90.0 | 438.72 | 90.0 | 420.60 |
100.0 | 512.91 | 100.0 | 493.93 | 100.0 | 479.26 | 100.0 | 462.83 | 100.0 | 443.52 |
表8 CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O的比焓
Table 8 Specific enthalpies of CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O
w=40.0% | w=45.0% | w=50.0% | w=55.0% | w=60.0% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T/℃ | h/(kJ·kg-1) | T/℃ | h/(kJ·kg-1) | T/℃ | h/(kJ·kg-1) | T/℃ | h/(kJ·kg-1) | T/℃ | h/(kJ·kg-1) |
30.0 | 321.29 | 30.0 | 310.46 | 30.0 | 304.27 | 30.0 | 298.49 | — | — |
40.0 | 348.13 | 40.0 | 336.07 | 40.0 | 328.64 | 40.0 | 321.34 | — | — |
50.0 | 375.14 | 50.0 | 361.88 | 50.0 | 353.22 | 50.0 | 344.40 | — | — |
60.0 | 402.33 | 60.0 | 387.89 | 60.0 | 378.01 | 60.0 | 367.66 | 60.0 | 353.23 |
70.0 | 429.71 | 70.0 | 414.10 | 70.0 | 403.00 | 70.0 | 391.14 | 70.0 | 375.46 |
80.0 | 457.26 | 80.0 | 440.51 | 80.0 | 428.21 | 80.0 | 414.82 | 80.0 | 397.92 |
90.0 | 484.99 | 90.0 | 467.12 | 90.0 | 453.63 | 90.0 | 438.72 | 90.0 | 420.60 |
100.0 | 512.91 | 100.0 | 493.93 | 100.0 | 479.26 | 100.0 | 462.83 | 100.0 | 443.52 |
i | Ai | Bi | Ci | Di | AARD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | -1.4508×103 | 5.7582×103 | -1.1136×104 | 8.1644×103 | 0.02% |
1 | 1.4530×101 | -7.3293×101 | 1.4604×102 | -1.0071×10-2 | |
2 | -1.9842×10-2 | 1.2769×10-1 | -2.6044×10-1 | 1.7708×10-1 |
表9 CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O比焓的回归参数和平均绝对相对偏差
Table 9 Regression parameters and AARD for specific enthalpies of CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O
i | Ai | Bi | Ci | Di | AARD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | -1.4508×103 | 5.7582×103 | -1.1136×104 | 8.1644×103 | 0.02% |
1 | 1.4530×101 | -7.3293×101 | 1.4604×102 | -1.0071×10-2 | |
2 | -1.9842×10-2 | 1.2769×10-1 | -2.6044×10-1 | 1.7708×10-1 |
w=40.0% | w=45.0% | w=50.0% | w=55.0% | w=60.0% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T/℃ | s/(kJ·kg-1·℃-1) | T/℃ | s/(kJ·kg-1·℃-1) | T/℃ | s/(kJ·kg-1·℃-1) | T/℃ | s/(kJ·kg-1·℃-1) | T/℃ | s/(kJ·kg-1·℃-1) |
30.0 | 1.6839 | 30.0 | 1.6936 | 30.0 | 1.7027 | 30.0 | 1.7132 | — | — |
40.0 | 1.7710 | 40.0 | 1.7768 | 40.0 | 1.7819 | 40.0 | 1.7875 | — | — |
50.0 | 1.8558 | 50.0 | 1.8578 | 50.0 | 1.8595 | 50.0 | 1.8592 | — | — |
60.0 | 1.9387 | 60.0 | 1.9371 | 60.0 | 1.9353 | 60.0 | 1.9298 | 60.0 | 1.9398 |
70..0 | 2.0210 | 70..0 | 2.0152 | 70..0 | 2.0088 | 70..0 | 1.9995 | 70..0 | 2.0054 |
80.0 | 2.0991 | 80.0 | 2.0921 | 80.0 | 2.0813 | 80.0 | 2.0689 | 80.0 | 2.0701 |
90.0 | 2.1769 | 90.0 | 2.1667 | 90.0 | 2.1524 | 90.0 | 2.1358 | 90.0 | 2.1338 |
100.0 | 2.2531 | 100.0 | 2.2400 | 100.0 | 2.2221 | 100.0 | 2.2014 | 100.0 | 2.1949 |
表10 CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O的比熵
Table 10 Specific entropies of CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O
w=40.0% | w=45.0% | w=50.0% | w=55.0% | w=60.0% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T/℃ | s/(kJ·kg-1·℃-1) | T/℃ | s/(kJ·kg-1·℃-1) | T/℃ | s/(kJ·kg-1·℃-1) | T/℃ | s/(kJ·kg-1·℃-1) | T/℃ | s/(kJ·kg-1·℃-1) |
30.0 | 1.6839 | 30.0 | 1.6936 | 30.0 | 1.7027 | 30.0 | 1.7132 | — | — |
40.0 | 1.7710 | 40.0 | 1.7768 | 40.0 | 1.7819 | 40.0 | 1.7875 | — | — |
50.0 | 1.8558 | 50.0 | 1.8578 | 50.0 | 1.8595 | 50.0 | 1.8592 | — | — |
60.0 | 1.9387 | 60.0 | 1.9371 | 60.0 | 1.9353 | 60.0 | 1.9298 | 60.0 | 1.9398 |
70..0 | 2.0210 | 70..0 | 2.0152 | 70..0 | 2.0088 | 70..0 | 1.9995 | 70..0 | 2.0054 |
80.0 | 2.0991 | 80.0 | 2.0921 | 80.0 | 2.0813 | 80.0 | 2.0689 | 80.0 | 2.0701 |
90.0 | 2.1769 | 90.0 | 2.1667 | 90.0 | 2.1524 | 90.0 | 2.1358 | 90.0 | 2.1338 |
100.0 | 2.2531 | 100.0 | 2.2400 | 100.0 | 2.2221 | 100.0 | 2.2014 | 100.0 | 2.1949 |
i | Ai | Bi | Ci | Di | AARD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1.5469×102 | -1.0106×103 | 2.1465×103 | -1.5011×103 | 0.98% |
1 | -1.2590×100 | 8.1964×100 | -1.7371×101 | 1.2146×101 | |
2 | 3.4252×10-3 | -2.2055×10-2 | 4.6621×10-2 | -3.2573×10-2 | |
3 | -3.0971×10-6 | 1.9836×10-5 | -4.1854×10-5 | 2.9198×10-5 |
表11 CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O比熵的回归参数和平均绝对相对偏差
Table 11 Regression parameters and AARD for specific entropies of CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O
i | Ai | Bi | Ci | Di | AARD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1.5469×102 | -1.0106×103 | 2.1465×103 | -1.5011×103 | 0.98% |
1 | -1.2590×100 | 8.1964×100 | -1.7371×101 | 1.2146×101 | |
2 | 3.4252×10-3 | -2.2055×10-2 | 4.6621×10-2 | -3.2573×10-2 | |
3 | -3.0971×10-6 | 1.9836×10-5 | -4.1854×10-5 | 2.9198×10-5 |
图10 吸收式制冷循环工作原理图(a)和吸收式制冷循环的p-T图(b)
Fig.10 Schematic diagramforabsorption refrigeration system (a) and p-T diagramfor anabsorption refrigeration system under standard operating conditions (b)
工质对 | 稀溶液 | 浓溶液 |
---|---|---|
① CaCl2-LiCl (2∶1)/H2O | 54.20% | 57.20% |
② LiBr/H2O | 56.40% | 59.40% |
③ CaCl2-LiBr-LiNO3-KNO3(16.2∶2∶2∶1)/H2O | 58.50% | 61.50% |
④ CaCl2-LiNO3-LiBr (8.72∶1∶1)/H2O | 57.30% | 60.30% |
⑤ CaCl2-LiBr (1.35∶1)/H2O | 55.80% | 58.80% |
表12 标准制冷工况下各种工质对溶液的总质量分数
Table 12 Concentrations of various working pairs under the same refrigeration conditions
工质对 | 稀溶液 | 浓溶液 |
---|---|---|
① CaCl2-LiCl (2∶1)/H2O | 54.20% | 57.20% |
② LiBr/H2O | 56.40% | 59.40% |
③ CaCl2-LiBr-LiNO3-KNO3(16.2∶2∶2∶1)/H2O | 58.50% | 61.50% |
④ CaCl2-LiNO3-LiBr (8.72∶1∶1)/H2O | 57.30% | 60.30% |
⑤ CaCl2-LiBr (1.35∶1)/H2O | 55.80% | 58.80% |
点 | 物质 | p/k Pa | T/℃ | w/% | h/ (kJ·kg-1) | s/ (kJ·kg-1·℃-1) | D/ (kg·s-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 冷凝水 | 0.872 | 5.0 | 0 | 439.6 | 1.6082 | 1 |
1′ | 水蒸气 | 0.872 | 5.0 | 0 | 2927.9 | 10.5598 | 1 |
2 | 稀溶液 | 0.872 | 37.0 | 54.2 | 314.7 | 1.7639 | 19.1 |
3 | 冷凝水 | 6.290 | 37.0 | 0 | 573.5 | 2.0639 | 1 |
4 | 浓溶液 | 6.290 | 75.2 | 57.2 | 397.1 | 2.0360 | 18.1 |
4′ | 水蒸气 | 6.290 | 75.2 | 0 | 3058.5 | 10.0539 | 1 |
5 | 稀溶液 | 6.290 | 72.2 | 54.2 | 398.5 | 2.0168 | 19.1 |
6 | 浓溶液 | 6.290 | 39.9 | 57.2 | 316.8 | 1.7908 | 18.1 |
7 | 稀溶液 | — | 64.8 | 54.2 | 380.8 | 1.9654 | 19.1 |
8 | 浓溶液 | — | 44.6 | 57.2 | 327.3 | 1.8274 | 18.1 |
表13 基于CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O的吸收式制冷循环的各点状态参数
Table 13 Typical points’ state parameters in absorption refrigeration cycle using CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O as
点 | 物质 | p/k Pa | T/℃ | w/% | h/ (kJ·kg-1) | s/ (kJ·kg-1·℃-1) | D/ (kg·s-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 冷凝水 | 0.872 | 5.0 | 0 | 439.6 | 1.6082 | 1 |
1′ | 水蒸气 | 0.872 | 5.0 | 0 | 2927.9 | 10.5598 | 1 |
2 | 稀溶液 | 0.872 | 37.0 | 54.2 | 314.7 | 1.7639 | 19.1 |
3 | 冷凝水 | 6.290 | 37.0 | 0 | 573.5 | 2.0639 | 1 |
4 | 浓溶液 | 6.290 | 75.2 | 57.2 | 397.1 | 2.0360 | 18.1 |
4′ | 水蒸气 | 6.290 | 75.2 | 0 | 3058.5 | 10.0539 | 1 |
5 | 稀溶液 | 6.290 | 72.2 | 54.2 | 398.5 | 2.0168 | 19.1 |
6 | 浓溶液 | 6.290 | 39.9 | 57.2 | 316.8 | 1.7908 | 18.1 |
7 | 稀溶液 | — | 64.8 | 54.2 | 380.8 | 1.9654 | 19.1 |
8 | 浓溶液 | — | 44.6 | 57.2 | 327.3 | 1.8274 | 18.1 |
CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O | LiBr/H2O | CaCl2-LiBr-LiNO3-KNO3 (16.2∶2∶2∶1) /H2O | CaCl2-LiNO3-LiBr (8.72∶1∶1)/H2O | CaCl2-LiBr(1.35∶1)/H2O |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.803 | 0.762 | 0.793 | 0.805 | 0.788 |
表14 采用不同工质对的吸收式制冷循环COP
Table 14 COP of absorption refrigeration cycles using different working pairs
CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O | LiBr/H2O | CaCl2-LiBr-LiNO3-KNO3 (16.2∶2∶2∶1) /H2O | CaCl2-LiNO3-LiBr (8.72∶1∶1)/H2O | CaCl2-LiBr(1.35∶1)/H2O |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.803 | 0.762 | 0.793 | 0.805 | 0.788 |
过程 | ?损失/kW | |
---|---|---|
CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O | LiBr/H2O | |
蒸发过程 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
冷凝过程 | 0.3 | 0.8 |
吸收过程 | 49.2 | 55.3 |
发生过程 | 310.9 | 332.7 |
热交换过程 | 25.7 | 31.4 |
表15 采用CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O和LiBr/H2O时各部件的?损失
Table 15 Exergy destruction in each part of absorption refrigeration cycle using CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O or
过程 | ?损失/kW | |
---|---|---|
CaCl2-LiCl(2∶1)/H2O | LiBr/H2O | |
蒸发过程 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
冷凝过程 | 0.3 | 0.8 |
吸收过程 | 49.2 | 55.3 |
发生过程 | 310.9 | 332.7 |
热交换过程 | 25.7 | 31.4 |
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