连续微反应加氢技术在有机合成中的研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190536

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

加氢反应是有机合成中很常见的一种反应类型，采用常规的间歇加氢釜具有反应效率低、操作烦琐和安全性差等问题。而连续加氢微反应器进行非均相催化加氢反应能提供更高的传质性能，催化剂的回收利用与产物的纯化也更为方便，能极大地提高生产效率，减少贵金属催化剂的损失。因为这些优点，连续微反应加氢技术得到了越来越多的关注。本文阐述了连续微反应加氢技术中常用的微反应器与固体金属催化剂类型，以及不同官能团非均相高效催化加氢的研究进展，在此基础，对该技术在精细化工领域的应用进行了展望。连续微反应加氢技术使得加氢过程可以在更安全、更高效、更环保的条件下完成，具有很高的工业应用价值，是未来化学化工领域重点发展的方向之一。

关键词: 连续流, 催化加氢, 微反应器, 选择性加氢, 非均相反应

Abstract:

The hydrogenation reaction is a type of reaction which is very common in organic synthesis. The conventional batch hydrogenation reactor has the problems of low reaction efficiency, cumbersome operation and poor safety. The method of heterogeneous hydrogenation in a continuous microreactor can provide higher mass transfer performance, easy recycling of the catalyst and the purification of the product are more convenient, which can greatly improve the production efficiency and reduce the loss of precious metal catalysts. With these advantages, continuous hydrogenation technology in microreactors has received more and more attention. The research progress of commonly used microreactors and solid metal catalyst types, as well as heterogeneous high-efficiency catalytic hydrogenation of different functional groups in continuous microreactor are described in this paper. On this basis, the application of this technology in the field of fine chemicals is prospected. The continuous microreactor technology enables the hydrogenation process under safer, more efficient and more environmentally friendly conditions. It has high industrial application value and is one of the key development directions in the chemical industry in the future.

Key words: continuous flow, catalytic hydrogenation, microreactor, selective hydrogenation, heterogeneous reaction

中图分类号:

TQ 032.4

屠佳成, 桑乐, 艾宁, 徐建鸿, 张吉松. 连续微反应加氢技术在有机合成中的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(10): 3859-3868.

Jiacheng TU, Le SANG, Ning AI, Jianhong XU, Jisong ZHANG. Research progress of continuous hydrogenation in organic synthesis[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(10): 3859-3868.

图/表 12

图1 三种典型连续流加氢反应器的示意图

Fig.1 Three typical flow reactors for continuous hydrogenation

图2 碳碳双键的连续加氢

Fig.2 Continuous hydrogenation of carbon-carbon double bonds(1 bar=0.1 MPa)

图3 微填充床反应器中的加氢流程

Fig.3 Hydrogenation in micro-packed bed reactor

图4 碳碳叁键的连续加氢

Fig.4 Continuous hydrogenation of carbon-carbon triple bonds

图5 醛类物质的连续加氢

Fig.5 Continuous hydrogenation of aldehydes

图6 催化剂涂层管式反应器中的加氢流程

Fig.6 Hydrogenation in catalyst-coated tube reactor

图7 酮类物质的连续加氢

Fig.7 Continuous hydrogenation of ketones

图8 亚胺类物质的连续加氢

Fig.8 Continuous hydrogenation of imines

图9 腈类物质的连续加氢

Fig.9 Continuous hydrogenation of nitriles

图10 硝基的连续加氢

Fig.10 Continuous hydrogenation of nitro

图11 连续加氢脱苄基反应

Fig.11 Continuous hydrodebenzylation reaction

图12 连续流动下脱Cbz保护基反应

Fig.12 Protecting group removal under continuous flow conditions

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