火灾条件下拱顶油罐弱连接结构的失效分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200030

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

拱顶油罐受外部火焰烘烤发生失效爆炸，易造成严重人员伤亡和巨大经济损失。为对火灾条件下拱顶油罐的失效爆炸进行预警，通过高温材料力学性能实验平台对拱顶油罐弱连接结构进行破坏测试，得出不同火灾温度条件下弱连接结构失效的拉断力和应力值。实验结果表明，当温度高于300℃时，拉断力和失效应力值变化显著，其中450℃为变化峰值温度。在此基础上，构建了拱顶油罐失效压力计算模型，推导出了不同容积拱顶油罐在不同火灾温度下的失效压力。所得结果可作为拱顶油罐失效的判定依据，为油罐的爆炸预警提供数据支撑。

关键词: 拱顶油罐, 弱连接结构, 热力学, 安全, 爆炸

Abstract:

The vaulted oil tank fails to explode after being roasted by external flames, which may cause serious casualties and huge economic losses. To warn the failure and explosion of vaulted oil tank under fire condition, through the high temperature material mechanical performance experiment platform, the weak connection structure of the vaulted oil tank is tested for destruction. The breaking force and stress values of weak connection structure failure under different fire temperature conditions are obtained. The results show that when the temperature is higher than 300℃, the values of pulling force and failure stress change significantly, of which 450℃ is the peak temperature. Furthermore, the failure pressure of 1 m³ vaulted oil tank under different temperature conditions was tested by establishing failure test platform for small-sized vaulted oil tank. The comparison between the calculated and experimental results shows the accuracy of the failure pressure of 1 m³ vaulted oil tank. On this basis, the failure pressure calculation model of vaulted oil tank was constructed, and the failure pressure of vaulted oil tank with different volume under different fire temperature was deduced. The results can be used as the criterion for the failure of vaulted oil tank to provide data support for the explosion warning for vaulted oil tank.

Key words: vaulted oil tank, weak connection structure, thermodynamics, safety, explosions

中图分类号:

TE 972.1

李玉, 徐春明, 韩帅, 李鸿烨. 火灾条件下拱顶油罐弱连接结构的失效分析[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(7): 3372-3378.

Yu LI, Chunming XU, Shuai HAN, Hongye LI. Failure analysis of weak connection structure of vaulted oil tank under fire condition[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(7): 3372-3378.

图/表 12

图1 拱顶油罐弱连接结构

Fig.1 Weak connection structure of vaulted oil tank

图2 弱连接结构拉伸试件（垂直方向）

Fig.2 Test specimens of weak connection structure(vertical direction; unit: mm)

图3 弱连接结构拉伸试件（水平方向）

Fig.3 Test specimens of weak connection structure(horizontal direction; unit: mm)

表1 实验工况

Table 1 Experimental condition

试件

方向

图4 高温力学性能实验平台示意图a—电子计算机；b—温控仪；c—手动液压控制器；d—传输线；e—上手柄；f—上皮夹；g—支撑架；h—加热炉；i—下皮夹；j—下手柄；k—液压泵；l—油品储存箱

Fig.4 Sketch map of experimental platform for high temperature mechanical properties

表2 不同温度下试件实验结果

Table 2 Experimental results of specimens at different temperatures

温度/℃	拉断力/kN		应力值/MPa
温度/℃	垂直试件	水平试件	垂直试件	水平试件
20	34.24	34.48	428	431
50	33.1	33.44	414	418
100	31.96	32.5	400	406
150	30.88	31.52	386	394
200	30.51	31.31	381	391
250	29.52	30.38	369	380
300	28.8	29.68	360	371
350	26.14	26.96	327	337
400	23.76	24.46	297	306
450	20.48	21.04	256	263
500	18.44	18.7	231	234
550	16.19	16.12	202	201
600	14.56	15.04	182	188

图5 不同温度下试件的拉断力和应力值

Fig.5 Breaking force and stress value of the tensile at different temperatures

图6 拱顶油罐失效前后对比（1 m3）

Fig.6 Comparison of vaulted oil tank before and after failure(1 m3)

图7 不同温度下拱顶油罐的失效压强和罐顶位移（1 m3）

Fig.7 Failure pressure and tank top displacement of vaulted oil tank at different temperatures(1 m3)

图8 1 m3拱顶油罐失效计算和对比结果

Fig.8 Failure calculation and comparison results of 1 m3 vaulted oil tank

表3 不同温度下的承压极限

Table 3 Failure pressure at different temperatures

容积/m3	失效压力/Pa
容积/m3	20℃	100℃	200℃	300℃	400℃	450℃	500℃	550℃	600℃
500	38610	36118	34428	32559	26954	23305	21081	18500	16721
1000	25955	24292	23164	21916	18174	15738	14253	12531	11343
2000	15600	14616	13949	13211	10998	9558	8680	7662	6959
3000	11683	10956	10463	9917	8282	7218	6569	5816	5297
5000	9558	8970	8571	8129	6806	5944	5419	4809	4389
10000	8035	7547	7216	6851	5754	5039	4604	4099	3751

表4 计算结果对比

Table 4 Comparison of calculation results

容积/m3	失效压力/Pa
	20℃			400℃			600℃
	a	b	偏差	a	b	偏差	a	b	偏差
500	38610	39052	1%	26954	27099	0.5%	16721	16606	0.6%
1000	25955	26402	1%	18174	18321	0.8%	11343	11227	1%
2000	15600	16076	3%	10998	11155	1%	6959	6836	1%
3000	11683	12163	4%	8282	8440	2%	5297	5172	2%
5000	9558	10033	5%	6806	6962	2%	4389	4266	3%
10000	8035	8523	6%	5754	5914	3%	3751	3624	3%

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