合成生物学在生物基塑料制造中的应用

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200214

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

合成生物学是以工程学思想为指导，对天然生物基因组进行改造和重构，合成新的生物元件，构建新的代谢途径，生产新产品或获得新表型的新兴学科。生物基塑料是以天然物质为原料在微生物作用或化学反应下生成的塑料。利用合成生物学改造工程菌株的方法制备合成生物基塑料已经成为学术界和产业界关注的热点。本文综述了合成生物学的发展和重要的合成生物学技术，重点综述了利用合成生物学技术构建聚羟基烷酸酯、尼龙、聚乳酸和丁二酸丁二醇酯等生物基塑料聚合物单体及其衍生物的代谢途径和工程优化领域的研究进展。

关键词: 合成生物学, 生物基塑料, 代谢工程, 尼龙, 工程菌株

Abstract:

Synthetic biology is a new discipline that uses engineering ideas as a guide to transform and reconstruct natural biological genomes, synthesize new biological components, construct new metabolic routes, and produce novel products or obtain new phenotypes. Bio-based plastics are plastics produced under the action of microorganisms or the chemical reactions using natural materials as raw materials. The usage of synthetic biology to construct engineered strains to produce bio-based plastics has become a hot topic in academia and industry. This paper reviews the development of synthetic biology and important techniques in the field of synthetic biology, focusing on the research progress in the field of metabolic pathways and engineering optimization for the construction of bio-based plastic polymer monomers and derivatives such as polyhydroxyalkanoate, nylon, polylactic acid, and butylene glycol succinate using synthetic biological techniques.

Key words: synthetic biology, bio-based plastics, metabolic engineering, nylon, engineering strains

中图分类号:

TK 6

徐彦芹, 杨锡智, 罗若诗, 黄玉红, 霍锋, 王丹. 合成生物学在生物基塑料制造中的应用[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(10): 4520-4531.

Yanqin XU, Xizhi YANG, Ruoshi LUO, Yuhong HUANG, Feng HUO, Dan WANG. Application of synthetic biology in manufacture of bio-based plastics[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(10): 4520-4531.

图/表 7

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工程细菌或工程细胞	改造方式/手段	原料	产物单体/生物基材料	应用	文献
Escherichia coli	丙酰辅酶Ａ转移酶（pct）以及真养产碱杆菌的PHA合成酶等基因	葡萄糖	3HV	PHA	[29]
Escherichia coli	大肠杆菌中导入固氮菌属的phaABC基因和phaP基因	甘油	PHB	PHB	[30]
烟草	烟草中导入含有不动杆菌属和巨大芽孢杆菌基因	CO₂	PHB	PHB	[31]
Escherichia coli	敲除基因消除代谢途径；过表达赖氨酸脱羧酶基因	葡萄糖	戊二胺	尼龙5,4和尼龙5,6等	[32]
Corynebacterium glutamicum	大肠杆菌中的木糖异构酶基因xylA、木酮糖激酶基因xylB与赖氨酸脱羧酶基因cadA在谷氨酸棒状杆菌中共表达	木糖	戊二胺	尼龙5,10和尼龙5,12等	[33]
Corynebacterium glutamicum	培养基中添加吐温40	葡萄糖	戊二胺	尼龙5,4和尼龙5,12等	[34]
Escherichia coli	基因DavB和DavA过表达	酪氨酸	5-氨基戊酸	尼龙5和尼龙6,5等	[35]
Escherichia coli	基因LeuA、LeuB、LeuC、LeuD、KivD和PadA过表达	酪氨酸	6-氨基己酸	尼龙6	[36]
Escherichia coli	乙酸激酶基因ackA敲除，过表达乳酸脱氢酶基因LDH	葡萄糖	PLA	PLA	[37]
Escherichia coli	导入丙酮酸羧化酶基因pyc	葡萄糖	丁二酸	PBS	[38]

工程细菌或工程细胞	改造方式/手段	原料	产物单体/生物基材料	应用	文献
Escherichia coli	丙酰辅酶Ａ转移酶（pct）以及真养产碱杆菌的PHA合成酶等基因	葡萄糖	3HV	PHA	[29]
Escherichia coli	大肠杆菌中导入固氮菌属的phaABC基因和phaP基因	甘油	PHB	PHB	[30]
烟草	烟草中导入含有不动杆菌属和巨大芽孢杆菌基因	CO₂	PHB	PHB	[31]
Escherichia coli	敲除基因消除代谢途径；过表达赖氨酸脱羧酶基因	葡萄糖	戊二胺	尼龙5,4和尼龙5,6等	[32]
Corynebacterium glutamicum	大肠杆菌中的木糖异构酶基因xylA、木酮糖激酶基因xylB与赖氨酸脱羧酶基因cadA在谷氨酸棒状杆菌中共表达	木糖	戊二胺	尼龙5,10和尼龙5,12等	[33]
Corynebacterium glutamicum	培养基中添加吐温40	葡萄糖	戊二胺	尼龙5,4和尼龙5,12等	[34]
Escherichia coli	基因DavB和DavA过表达	酪氨酸	5-氨基戊酸	尼龙5和尼龙6,5等	[35]
Escherichia coli	基因LeuA、LeuB、LeuC、LeuD、KivD和PadA过表达	酪氨酸	6-氨基己酸	尼龙6	[36]
Escherichia coli	乙酸激酶基因ackA敲除，过表达乳酸脱氢酶基因LDH	葡萄糖	PLA	PLA	[37]
Escherichia coli	导入丙酮酸羧化酶基因pyc	葡萄糖	丁二酸	PBS	[38]

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