多孔液体的设计合成与应用研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220955

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多孔液体是结合了固-液两相优势的具有稳定永久空腔结构及流动性的新型材料，具有优异的物理化学特性和广阔的应用前景。本文回顾了多孔液体的研究和发展历程，重点总结了各种不同类型多孔液体的设计合成、物性表征和机理模拟计算方面的研究进展，详细分析了多孔液体的形成和作用机理，介绍了多孔液体在气体分离、手性诱导、萃取分离及催化等方面的应用及进展。最后，对多孔液体的未来发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 多孔液体, 设计合成, 物化特性, 应用, 研究进展

Abstract:

Porous liquid is a new material with stable permanent cavity structure and fluidity that combines the advantages of solid-liquid two-phase, with excellent physical and chemical properties and broad application prospects. This paper reviews the research and development history of porous liquids, highlights the research advances in the design synthesis, physical characterization and mechanism simulation calculation of various types of porous liquids, analyzes the formation and mechanism of action of porous liquids, and introduces in detail the applications and progress of porous liquids in gas separation, chiralityinduction, extraction separation and catalysis. Finally, the future development direction of porous liquids is prospected.

Key words: porous liquids, design synthesis, physicochemical properties, application, research advances

中图分类号:

O 641.3

宇国佳, 靳冬玉, 周智勇, 张帆, 任钟旗. 多孔液体的设计合成与应用研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(1): 257-275.

Guojia YU, Dongyu JIN, Zhiyong ZHOU, Fan ZHANG, Zhongqi REN. Advances in the design, synthesis and application of porous liquids[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(1): 257-275.

图/表 10

图1 多孔液体相关文章检索结果（Web of Science, 2022/7/3）

Fig.1 Results of literature search on porous liquids (Web of Science, 2022/7/3)

图2 多孔液体的部分发展节点[8-15]

Fig.2 Some advances in porous liquids[8-15]

图3 多孔液体材料的分类

Fig.3 Classification of porous liquids

图4 合成示意图：（a）HS基多孔液体表面工程法[11]；（b）基于不同长径比的空心二氧化硅纳米棒基多孔液体[16]；（c）UiO-66@OS@PEGS多孔液体[17]；（d）基于溶胶-凝胶法的silicalite-1基多孔液体[18]

Fig.4 Synthesis schematic diagrams: (a) HS-based PLs by surface engineering method[11]; (b) hollow silica nanorod-based PLs based on different aspect ratio[16]; (c) UiO-66@OS@PEGS PLs[17]; (d) silicalite-1-based PLs based on sol-gel method[18]

图5 合成示意图：（a）UiO-66 porous liquids[19]；（b）UiO-66-OH porous liquids[20]；（c）HCS-liquid[21]；（d）[M2070][PSS]以及HCNS-liquid[22]；（e）Im-UiO-PL[23]；（f）基于ZIF-8@BPEI和ZIF-8-g-BPEI的多孔液体[24]

Fig.5 Synthesis schematic diagrams: (a) UiO-66 PLs[19]; (b) UiO-66-OH PLs [20]; (c) HCS-liquid [21]; (d) [M2070][PSS] and HCNS-liquid [22]; (e) Im-UiO-PL [23]; (f) PLs based on ZIF-8@BPEI and ZIF-8-g-BPEI[24]

图6 （a）n-C12的合成[31]；（b）n-C12的八面体空心笼结构图[32]；（c）以冠醚为位阻溶剂的多孔液体合成示意图[12]；（d）多孔液体18-C-6-PL/15-C-5-PL的合成示意图[33]；（e）液体配位笼的合成示意图[34]；（f）孔隙度筛选结果[36]；（g）加扰笼CC33:133-R和CC15-R的结构，以及对几种气体的吸收效果[37]；（h）MOP基多孔液体的合成示意图[38]

Fig.6 (a) Synthesis of n-C12[31]; (b) Structure of octahedral hollow cage of n-C12[32]; (c) Synthesis schematic diagram of PL with crown ether[12]; (d) Synthesis schematic diagram of 18-C-6-PL/15-C-5-PL [33]; (e) Synthesis schematic diagram of liquid coordination cages[34]; (f) Plot summarising the results from the porosity screen[36]; (g) Structures of scrambled cages CC33:133-R and CC15-R, and the absorption effect on several gases[37]; (h) Synthesis schematic diagram of MOP-based PLs[38]

图7 （a）[Bpy][NTf2]的分子结构和ZIF-8的晶体结构以及合成的ZIF-8-[Bpy][NTf2]胶体的丁达尔效应[42]；（b）ZIF-8/HKUST-1/Mg-MOF-74与[P6,6,6,14][NTf2]基多孔液体的合成示意图[43]；（c）ZIF-8基多孔液体的合成示意图[44]；（d）基于UiO-66-liquid/[M2070][IPA]的合成以及对气体分子吸附示意图[45]；（e）MOF基多孔液体的合成示意图[14]；（f）多孔液体对乙烷/乙烯的选择性分离效果[46]；（g）H-ZSM-5-liquid/[P66614][Br]的合成示意图[51]

Fig.7 (a) Molecular structure of [Bpy][NTf2], crystal structure of ZIF-8 and the Tindal effect of the synthesized ZIF-8-[Bpy][NTf2] colloids[42]; (b) Synthesis schematic diagram of ZIF-8/HKUST-1/Mg-MOF-74 with [P6,6,6,14][NTf2]-based PLs[43]; (c) Synthesis schematic diagram of ZIF-8-based PLs[44]; (d) Synthesis schematic diagram of UiO-66-liquid/[M2070][IPA]-based and the adsorption of gas molecules[45]; (e) Synthesis schematic diagram of MOF-based PLs[14]; (f) Selective separation effect of porous liquid on ethane/ethylene[46]; (g) Synthesis schematic diagram of H-ZSM-5-liquid/[P66614][Br] [51]

图8 （a）ZIF-4的基本构成单元和结构[13]；（b）实验中子结构因子F(Q)数据[13]；（c）ZIF-4的晶体结构以及熔融淬火玻璃的原子构型[13]；（d）ZIF-4加热后的实验和计算的结构因子数据[13]；（e）实验得出的ZIF-62的P-T相图[52]；（f）1200 K时，在0.1~5.0 GPa压力间Zn-N距离的平均力势（PMF）[52]

Fig.8 (a) The basic building block of ZIF-4[13]; (b) Experimental neutron structure factor F(Q) data[13]; (c) Crystalline structure of ZIF-4 and atomic configuration of the melt-quenched glass[13]; (d) Experimental and calculated structure factors of ZIF-4 after heating[13]; (e) P-T phase diagram of ZIF-62[52]; (f) Potential of mean force (PMF) for the Zn-N distance of ZIF-62 at pressures between 0.1 GPa and 5.0 GPa, at a temperature of 1200 K[52]

图9 （a）不同直径二氧化硅纳米颗粒和8600个水分子的模型体系中纳米颗粒的距离[57]；（b）[P66614][Br]与H-ZSM-5[100]面上的酸位点间的氢键作用分子动力学模拟图[51]；（c）UiO-66/PDMS4k（蓝色）复合体系的平衡构型，以及PDMS4k（红线和蓝线）和UiO-66原子（绿线）的密度与复合体系平衡构型在Z坐标的关系[14]；（d）ABS-1CO2的梯度等值面[59]；（e）硅基多孔离子液体（HSL1）对CO2的吸附位点[60]；（f）累积的气体分子数量与笼子中心的径向距离的函数以及笼内和附近的气体分子的PMF图[61]；（g）含CO2的POCs的最优结构[62]；（h）298.15 K和60 bar（1 bar=105 Pa）条件下，笼和溶剂的比例为1∶12的多孔液体中CO2和N2（CH4）的空间分布函数[63]

Fig.9 (a) Distances of nanoparticles in a model system with different diameters of silica nanoparticles and 8600 water molecules[57]; (b) Molecular dynamics simulation of the hydrogen bond between [P66614][Br] and acid sites on the H-ZSM-5[100] surface[51]; (c) Equilibrium configuration of the UiO-66/PDMS4k (blue) complex system and the density of PDMS4k (red and blue lines) and UiO-66 atoms (green line) versus the equilibrium configuration of the complex system in Z-coordinate[14]; (d) Gradient equivalence surface of ABS-1CO2[59]; (e) CO2 adsorption sites of silica-based porous ionic liquid (HSL1)[60]; (f) PMF diagram of the accumulated number of gas molecules as a function of the radial distance from the center of the cage, and the gas molecules in and near the cage[61]; (g) Optimal structures of CO2-containing POCs[62]; (h) Spatial distribution functions of CO2 and N2 (CH4) in PLs with a 1∶12 ratio of cage to solvent at 298.15 K and 60 bar (1 bar=105 Pa)[63]

表1 不同类型多孔液体对CO2的吸收效果

Table 1 Effect of different types of porous liquids on CO2 absorption

名称	CO₂吸收量	测试条件	文献
hollow silica PLs	0.9 mmol/g	298 K，10 bar	[67]
HCS-liquid	0.57 mmol/g	298 K，10 bar	[21]
HCNS-liquid	4.66%（质量）	298 K，10 bar	[22]
15-C-5-PL	0.375 mmol/g	298 K，10 bar	[33]
18-C-6-PL	0.429 mmol/g	298 K，5 bar	[33]
COF-300-PLs	0.78 mol/g	273 K，0.03 bar	[55]
POCs/[BPy][NTf₂]	104.30 µmol/g	298 K，1 bar	[68]
POCs/hexachloropropene	55 μmmol/g	298 K，10 bar	[35]
PoLi-Bc	5.5 cm³/g	273 K，1 bar	[64]
Im-UiO-PL	5.93 mmol/g	298 K，9 bar	[23]
UiO-66-liquid/[M2070][IPA]	1.66 mmol/g	298 K，10 bar	[45]
UiO-66-liquid-M2070	0.86 mmol/g	298 K，30 bar	[20]
UiO-66@OS@PEGS	28 mg/g	298 K，10 bar	[17]
UiO-66-PL	30.8 cm³/g	273 K，10 bar	[14]
PL1M2070	2.393 mmol/g	298 K，2 MPa	[69]
PLs-5%	6.9 mg/g	313 K	[38]
ZIF-8 PLs	3.43 cm³/g	298 K，1 bar	[70]
H-ZSM-5 PLs	0.46 mmol/g	298 K，10 bar	[51]
ZIF-67-PLs-10	9.542 mmol/g	298 K，1 bar	[53]
ZIF-8 PLs	1.2 mmol/g	303 K，5 bar	[44]
ZIF-8/[DBU-PEG][NTf₂]	1.54 mmol/g	298 K，10 bar	[44]
PAF-1/Genosorb PLs	0.72 mmol/g	298 K，5 bar	[71]
Al(fum)(OH)/PDMS PLs	0.95 mmol/g	298 K，5 bar	[71]

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