图1 （a）流动合成平台示意图（M1、M2和M3为微型混合器的三通；C1和C2是用于达到预设温度的弯曲管；R1是微管反应器）；（b）引发体系组成与产品聚合度的定量关系[F(IB+IP) + F(CH2Cl2) = 8 ml/min, F(引发剂) = 8 ml/min][57]

Fig.1 (a) Schematic diagram of flow synthesis setup (M1, M2 and M3 are tees for micromixers; C1 and C2 are curved tubes for achieving the pre-set temperature; R1 is the microtube reactor); (b) Effect of the reaction system composition on DP[F(IB+IP) + F(CH2Cl2) = 8 ml/min, F(initiator) = 8 ml/min][57]

图2 引发体系中物质转化的可能途径和决定链终止的机制[57]

Fig.2 Possible routes of species transformation in the initiation system and the mechanism dominating chain termination[57]

图3 H2O/AlCl3引发的异丁烯阳离子聚合反应机理[58]

Fig.3 Proposed mechanism for isobutylene polymerization with H2O/AlCl3 initiation system[58]

图4 亲核试剂iPr2O存在下的聚合反应机理[61]

Fig.4 Suggested mechanism of polymerization of IB co-initiated by AlCl3×iPr2O[61]

图5 含AlCl3和醚的引发剂溶液制备过程中与AlCl3相互作用的演化途径[73]

Fig.5 Evolution routes of AlCl3-involved interactions during the preparation of initiator solutions containing AlCl3 and ether[73]

图6 （a）引发剂溶液的各种制备方法示意图；（b）利用双醚引发IB阳离子聚合机理[74]

Fig.6 (a) Schematic of various preparation methods of initiation solution; (b) Proposed mechanism of cationic polymerization of IB utilizing dual ethers[74]

图7 DMP两阶段作用机理[86]

Fig.7 Proposed mechanism for a two-stage effect of DMP[86]

图8 （a）用于聚合的微流动系统（M1和M2为微型混合器，R1为微管反应器）[38]；（b）使用微流控系统通过N-酰基亚胺离子池引发的NBVE阳离子聚合中分子量（Mn）与单体/引发剂比率的关系[39]

Fig.8 (a) Microsystem for polymerization（M1, M2—micromixers; R1—microtube reactor）[38]; (b) Plots of molecular weight (Mn) against monomer/initiator ratio in cationic polymerization of NBVE initiated by an N-acyliminium ion pool using a microflow system[39]

图9 间歇反应器或微流控体系中聚（异丁基乙烯基醚）的分子量分布曲线[40]

Fig.9 MWD curves for poly (IBVE) obtained in a batch reactor or a microflow system[40]

图10 在不同混合条件下IBVE阳离子聚合机理[40]

Fig.10 Proposed mechanisms of cationic polymerization of IBVE under different mixing conditions[40]

图11 （a）基于Gaussian 09w计算出FeCl3·Nu的结合能和优化结构[B3LYP / 6-311G（++，d，p）, 1 Å =0.1 nm]；（b）在双亲核和单亲核试剂条件下IBVE活性阳离子聚合机理[88]

Fig.11 (a) Binding energies and optimized structure of FeCl3·Nu calculated by Gaussian 09w[B3LYP/6-311G(++,d,p)]; (b) Proposed mechanisms of living cationic polymerization of IBVE under dual and single nucleophiles conditions[88]

图12 基于T型微混合器的微流动系统用于嵌段共聚的示意图[M1和M2为T型微混合器（250 mm）。R1和R2为微管反应器（R1：Φ＝ 500 μm，长度＝ 50 cm；R2：Φ ＝ 500 μm，长度＝ 50 cm）][39]

Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the microflow system based on the T-shaped micromixer for block copolymerization [M1 and M2: T-shape micromixer (250 mm). R1 and R2: microtube reactor (R1: Φ=500 μm, length=50 cm; R2: Φ=500 μm, length=50 cm)][39]

图13 聚(IBVE x -co-HBVE1-x )200（DP n 约200）的1.0%（质量分数）水溶液透光率与温度的关系曲线：（a）在微流控系统中制备（Mw/Mn = 1.10）；（b）在间歇反应器中制备（Mw/Mn = 1.41~1.57）[74]

Fig.13 Temperature dependence of the transmittance at 500 nm of a 1.0%(mass) aqueous solution of poly(IBVE x -co-HBVE1-x )200 (DP n about 200): (a) prepared in a microflow system(Mw/Mn = 1.10); (b) prepared in a batch reactor(Mw/Mn = 1.41—1.57)[74]

图14 （a）聚（IBVE5-co-HBVE195）在1.0%（质量分数）水溶液中的半径变化；（b）水中Tps与共聚物组成(IBVE x -co-HBVE1-x )200 (DP n 约200)之间的关系（Mw/Mn = 1.10）[74]

Fig.14 (a) The radius variation of the poly(IBVE5-co-HBVE195) in 1.0%(mass) aqueous solutions; (b) Relationships between Tps in water and the composition of copolymers (IBVE x -co-HBVE1-x )200 (DP n about 200, Mw/Mn = 1.10)[74]

图15 IBVE 聚合反应中tdecay与tact之间的关系（a）及lntact、lntdecay与解离能之间关系（b）[78]

Fig.15 Plot of tdecay as a function of tact (a) and plots of lntact or lntdecay as a function of the dissociation energy (b) in the IBVE polymerization reactions initiated by the SnCl4/X (X = EA, DO, EP, Et2O or DOL) system[78]