V形沟槽纳米线团簇表面的毛细抽吸-补液蒸发传热特性研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240480

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用V形沟槽纳米线团簇表面的毛细抽吸和补液特征，结合实验观测和建模分析对表面的薄液膜蒸发进行研究。探究了表面结构参数和沟槽液位对蒸发性能的影响，建立薄液膜蒸发模型求解纳米线团簇和V形沟槽中的液膜轮廓方程并分析传热性能。结果表明，随着纳米线直径减小和高度增大，薄液膜蒸发传热系数增大，最高可达369 kW/(m²·K)。团簇内液膜在毛细力驱动下具有极高的爬升速度，使得小持液量下液膜仍位于团簇顶端蒸发。沟槽液膜完全润湿沟槽且与团簇顶端液膜相连通，为团簇蒸发补液，沟槽液位下降不影响团簇顶端蒸发，能够延伸薄液膜长度并减薄沟槽侧壁液膜厚度，进一步强化传热。纳米线团簇中液膜宏观传热系数显著高于沟槽，证明了团簇在整体蒸发中的决定性贡献，阐明了V形沟槽纳米线团簇表面薄液膜蒸发微观机制。

关键词: 纳米线团簇, 毛细抽吸, V形沟槽, 薄液膜, 微尺度, 蒸发, 传热

Abstract:

Capillary pumping and replenishment features on nanowire clusters surfaces with V-grooves were used to investigate thin liquid film evaporation on nanowire clusters surfaces with V-grooves by experimental observation and model analysis. The effects of surface structural parameters and the liquid level of grooves on the evaporation performance were investigated, and a thin liquid film evaporation model was established to solve the equations of liquid film profiles in nanowire clusters and V-grooves, and to analyze the heat transfer performance. The results show that the heat transfer coefficient of thin liquid film evaporation increases with the decrease of nanowire diameter and the increase of nanowire height, up to 369 kW/(m²·K). The liquid film in the cluster has an extremely high climbing speed driven by capillary force, so that the liquid film still evaporates at the top of the cluster under small liquid holding volume. The liquid film in V-grooves completely wets the trench and connects with the liquid film at the top of the clusters to replenish the liquid for the evaporation of the clusters, and the drop of the liquid level in grooves does not affect the evaporation in the top of clusters, which extends the length of the thin liquid film and decreases the thickness of the liquid film on the side wall of the groove to further strengthen the heat transfer. The macroscopic heat transfer coefficient of the liquid film in the nanowire clusters is significantly higher than that in the grooves, which proves the decisive role of the clusters in the overall evaporation, and elucidates the microscopic mechanism of the thin liquid film evaporation on nanowire clusters surfaces with V-grooves.

Key words: nanowire clusters, capillary pumping, V-grooves, thin liquid film, microscale, evaporation, heat transfer

中图分类号:

TK 124

王禹丹, 徐晨, 阮达, 春江, 马学虎. V形沟槽纳米线团簇表面的毛细抽吸-补液蒸发传热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(10): 3424-3436.

Yudan WANG, Chen XU, Da RUAN, Jiang CHUN, Xuehu MA. Heat transfer characteristics of capillary pumping-replenishment evaporation on nanowire clusters surfaces with V-grooves[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(10): 3424-3436.

图/表 17

图1 V形沟槽纳米线团簇表面制备示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of nanowire clusters surfaces with V-grooves preparation

图2 V形沟槽纳米线团簇表面SEM扫描电镜图

Fig.2 SEM images of nanowire clusters surface with V-grooves

表1 V形沟槽纳米线团簇表面及其结构参数

Table 1 Nanowire clusters surfaces with V-grooves and corresponding structural parameters

表面类型	p/nm	d/nm	h/μm	a/μm
NW-A1	450	140	10	4.25
NW-A2	450	140	20	7.25
NW-A3	450	140	30	9.75
NW-B1	450	200	10	5.25
NW-B2	450	200	20	9.35
NW-B3	450	200	30	15.50
NW-C1	450	250	10	5.75
NW-C2	450	250	20	14.75
NW-C3	450	250	30	17.75

图3 V形沟槽纳米线团簇表面结构示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of nanowire clusters surface with V-grooves

图4 薄液膜蒸发实验系统

Fig.4 Thin liquid film evaporation experimental system

图5 薄液膜蒸发实验补液装置

Fig.5 Liquid replenishment device for liquid film evaporation experiment

图6 V形沟槽中液膜形态

Fig.6 Morphology of V- groove liquid film

图7 表面结构参数对蒸发性能的影响

Fig.7 Effects of surface structural parameters on evaporation performance

图8 沟槽液位对蒸发性能的影响

Fig.8 The effect of groove liquid level height on evaporation performance

图9 团簇和沟槽中液膜爬升速度和速度比值

Fig.9 Climbing speed and speed ratio of liquid film in clusters and grooves

图10 V形沟槽纳米线团簇表面薄液膜蒸发示意图

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of thin liquid film evaporation on nanowire clusters surfaces with V-grooves

图11 纳米线团簇中液膜厚度曲线及液膜轮廓示意图

Fig.11 Curve of liquid film thickness and schematic diagram of liquid film profile in nanowire clusters

图12 V形沟槽充满时的液膜轮廓

Fig.12 Profile of liquid film when the V-groove is filled

图13 沟槽充满时团簇和沟槽的宏观平均传热系数

Fig.13 The macroscopic average heat transfer coefficients of clusters and grooves when the grooves are filled

图14 沟槽充满时薄液膜蒸发总传热系数模型预测值与实验结果对比

Fig.14 Comparison between model predicted and experimental results of total heat transfer coefficient for thin liquid film evaporation when the grooves are filled

图15 沟槽液位不同时液膜厚度曲线

Fig.15 Curves of liquid film thickness with different liquid levels in a V-groove

图16 沟槽液位不同时NW-A3表面液膜蒸发总传热系数模型预测值与实验结果对比

Fig.16 Comparison between model predicted and experimental results of total heat transfer coefficient for thin liquid film evaporation on the NW-A3 surface at different groove liquid levels

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