筒体结构对轴流式旋风分离器的性能影响

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250905

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确筒体结构对轴流式旋风分离器性能的影响规律，设计并搭建了大型冷模实验平台，以筒锥型（V-Cyclone-VC型）和直筒型（H-Cyclone-HC型）两种典型结构为研究对象，通过实验测量，分析了不同筒体结构下的压降特性、分离效率及内部流场特征。结果表明：在相同工况下，VC型旋分的分离效率整体高于HC型旋分，但其系统压降明显增加；两种结构的旋分在压降约为5.8 kPa时性能趋于一致，此压降临界点可作为实际工业应用的性能选择依据；流场分析显示，VC型旋分在分离空间内切向速度更高、轴向回流抽吸作用更强，利于颗粒向器壁迁移，降低颗粒逃逸风险；HC型旋分虽在分离效率方面略逊一筹，但内部流场均匀性更优，能耗更低。综合而言，VC型旋分适用于分离效率需求较高、能耗敏感度低的场景，而HC型旋分适用于对能耗控制要求较高、分离效率中等的工况。本研究为轴流式旋风分离器的结构设计与工业应用提供了重要的理论参考。

关键词: 离心分离, 两相流, 筒体结构, 分离性能, 流场分析

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of cylindrical structures on the performance of axial cyclone separators, a large-scale cold-model experimental platform was designed. Two typical structural forms, namely the conical-cylinder cyclone (V-Cyclone, VC) and the straight-cylinder cyclone (H-Cyclone, HC), were selected as research subjects. Based on experimental measurements, the study analyzed the pressure drop characteristics, separation efficiency, and internal flow field features of both designs under various operating conditions. The results show that, under identical operating conditions, the VC generally achieves higher separation efficiency than the HC, but at a substantially larger system pressure drop. The performance of the two designs converges around a critical pressure drop of approximately 5.8 kPa, which may serve as a practical reference for industrial selection. The flow-field analysis shows that the VC develops higher tangential velocity and stronger axial recirculation within the separation space, promoting particle migration toward the wall and lowering the risk of particle escape. Although the HC delivers slightly lower separation efficiency, it demonstrates better internal flow uniformity with lower energy consumption. In summary, the VC is preferable where maximum separation efficiency is prioritized and energy use is less constrained, whereas the HC suits applications emphasizing lower energy consumption with moderate separation efficiency. The study provides valuable theoretical guidance for the structural design and industrial application of axial cyclone separators.

Key words: centrifugation, two-phase flow, cylindrical structure, separation performance, flow field analysis

中图分类号:

TQ 051.8

卢非赣, 司道润, 闫子涵, 卢春喜. 筒体结构对轴流式旋风分离器的性能影响[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20250905.

Feigan LU, Daorun SI, Zihan YAN, Chunxi LU. Effects of cylindrical structure on the performance of axial cyclone separators[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20250905.

图/表 18

图1 VC型和HC型的结构对比

Fig.1 Structural comparison between VC and HC

图2 实验样机的结构参数

Fig.2 Structural parameters of experimental prototype

表1 实验样机主要结构参数

Table 1 Main structural parameters of the experimental prototypes

参数标注	VC型	HC型
筒体直径D/mm	400	400
筒体长度H₁/mm	590	590
排气管直径D_e/mm	328	328
排气管插入直段深度S₁/mm	300	300
排气管插入锥段深度S₂/mm	250	250
升气管直径d_r/mm	200	200
锥段长度H₂/mm	860	860
排尘口直径D_c/mm	140	—
叶片宽度W/mm	26	26
叶片高度H₀/mm	250	250
叶片厚度δ/mm	5	5
叶片出口缘角α/°	25	25

图3 实验流程

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus

表2 实验物料参数

Table 2 Physical properties of experimental material

物理性质	硅微粉
颗粒密度/kg/m³	2876
中位粒径/μm	10.80
平均粒径/μm	6.31

图4 硅微粉粒径分布

Fig.4 Silicon micro powder particle size distribution

图5 流场测点分布图

Fig.5 Distribution of flow field measurement points

图6 压降测点分布图

Fig.6 Locations of pressure-tapping points for pressure drop

表3 静压对称性指标

Table 3 Static pressure symmetry index

对称性指标	升气管入口处		筒体底部
对称性指标	HC	VC	HC	VC
数据图	图7（a）		图7（b）
N	42	42	42	42
RMSD	0.0503	0.0637	0.0151	0.0162
\| X_min \|	0.0589	0.0769	0.0025	0.0029

图7 VC与HC的静压在不同轴向位置下的径向分布

Fig.7 The radial distribution of the static pressure of VC and HC at different axial positions

图8 VC与HC的切向速度在不同轴向位置下的径向分布

Fig.8 The radial distribution of the tangential velocity of VC and HC at different axial positions

表4 切向速度对称性指标

Table 4 Tangential velocity symmetry index

对称性指标	升气管入口处		筒体底部
对称性指标	HC	VC	HC	VC
数据图	图8（a）		图8（b）
N	42	42	42	42
RMSD	0.0581	0.0760	0.0327	0.0374
\| X_min \|	0.0331	0.0426	0.0112	0.0209

图9 VC与HC的轴向速度在升气管处的径向分布

Fig.9 The radial distribution of the axial velocities of VC and HC at the vortex finder inlet

图10 VC与HC的径向速度在升气管处的径向分布

Fig.10 The radial distribution of the radial velocities of VC and HC at the vortex finder inlet

图11 VC与HC的压降对比

Fig.11 Comparison of pressure drops between VC and HC

图12 VC与HC的分离效率对比

Fig.12 Comparison of separation efficiency of VC and HC

图13 分离效率与入口含尘浓度的关系

Fig.13 Relationship between separation efficiency and inlet dust concentration

图14 VC与HC在不同工况压降下的分离效率对比

Fig.14 Comparison of separation efficiency of VC and HC under different working conditions and pressure drops

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