高温区大冷量脉管制冷机优化设计与实验特性

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20180307

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

设计了一台名义制冷量为50 W/170 K的大冷量脉管制冷机，采用对置活塞式动磁线性压缩机驱动，冷指的蓄冷器和脉管部件为同轴布置，采用惯性管-气库组合的被动调相机构。根据电磁-机械-声耦合场原理，建立了脉管制冷机动力学模型，对负载下的压缩机特性进行了动态仿真。为达到整机的谐振状态，对压缩机质量-弹簧系统进行了调整。整机质量（不含电控部分）小于12 kg。在230 W输入电功下，能够获得50 W/170 K的制冷性能，电机效率92.7%，整机比卡诺效率16.5%。150～200 K温区范围内制冷机比功（输入电功/制冷量）小于5 W/W，额定输入功下，200 K温区能够获得90 W的最大制冷量，该制冷机可以用于航天大型红外焦平面阵列的冷却，同时为-60～-20℃制冷温区的商业低温冰箱低温冷源的选择提供了参考。

关键词: 高温区, 大冷量, 脉管制冷机, 线性压缩机, 动力学模型, 动态仿真, 优化设计

Abstract:

A high-capacity pulse tube cooler (PTC) with nominal cooling of 50 W/170 K is presented in this paper. It is driven by an opposed-piston dynamic magnetic linear compressor. The regenerator and pulse tube are arranged in coaxial. The inertance tube and reservoir are used as passive phase shifter of the PTC. Based on the principle of electrical-mechanical-acoustic coupling field, a dynamic model of the PTC is proposed and transient simulation was conducted on the characteristics of the compressor under load. The mass-spring system of the compressor is improved to make the PTC resonant. The mass of the PTC is less than 12 kg without electric control equipment. A performance of 50 W/170 K is achieved with 230 W electrical power while the motor efficiency and related Carnot efficiency are 92.7% and 16.5% respectively. The specific power (electrical power/cooling power) is less than 5 W/W at the temperature range of 150—200 K. Under the rated input power, the maximum cooling power reaches 90 W@200 K. The PTC can be used for space to cool down giant Infrared Focal Plane Array (IRFPA) and provide an alternative to domestic refrigerator as cold source at the temperature range of -60—-20℃ as well.

Key words: high-temperature, high-capacity, pulse tube cooler, linear compressor, dynamic model, transient simulation, optimization design

中图分类号:

TB 651

邓伟峰, 蒋珍华, 刘少帅, 张安阔, 吴亦农. 高温区大冷量脉管制冷机优化设计与实验特性[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(1): 107-115.

Weifeng DENG, Zhenhua JIANG, Shaoshuai LIU, Ankuo ZHANG, Yinong WU. Optimization design and experimental properties of high-temperature and high-capacity pulse tube cooler[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(1): 107-115.

图/表 17

图1 同轴型脉管制冷机主要结构示意图

Fig.1 Main structural drawing of coaxial PTC

图2 脉管制冷机声阻抗图

Fig.2 Acoustic impedance diagram of PTC

表1 脉管冷指主要结构参数

Table 1 Main structural parameters of pulse tube cold finger

参数	数值	参数	数值
蓄冷器长度	47 mm	惯性管Ⅰ	?3×0.8 mm
蓄冷器内径	13.5 mm	惯性管Ⅱ	? 4.5×0.8 mm
蓄冷器外径	26 mm	气库容积	250 ml
脉管长度	63 mm	活塞直径	26 mm
脉管内径	13 mm	活塞冲程	±6 mm

图3 线性压缩机电磁-机械-声耦合场系统

Fig.3 Coupling system of electrical-mechanical-acoustic of linear compressor

图4 活塞受力矢量图

Fig.4 Vector diagram of forces on piston

图5 基于Simplore和Maxwell的脉管制冷机联合仿真

Fig.5 Co-simulation of PTC based on Simplore and Maxwell

图6 脉管制冷机实验装置示意图

Fig.6 Schematic of experimental setup of PTC

图7 制冷机样机

Fig.7 Picture of PTC

图8 负载下压缩机电流随频率的变化曲线

Fig.8 Changing curve of compressor current with varying frequencies under load

图9 压缩机负载下活塞行程随频率的变化曲线

Fig.9 Changing curve of piston displacement with varying frequencies under load

图10 制冷机COP随频率的变化曲线

Fig.10 Changing curve of cooler COP with varying frequencies at 50 W/170 K

图11 制冷机在170K时的性能曲线

Fig.11 Cooling performance of PTC at 170 K with varying charging pressures

图12 制冷机无负载降温曲线

Fig.12 Cooling down curve of PTC under no load

图13 制冷机150～200 K温区范围内的性能曲线

Fig.13 Cooling performance of PTC at temperature range of 150～200 K

图14 制冷机在-60、-40和-20℃下的制冷性能曲线

Fig.14 Cooling performance of PTC at -60, -40 and -20℃

图15 压缩机电声效率随制冷量的变化

Fig.15 PV power efficiency of compressor versus cooling power

图16 铜损耗PCu与其他损耗占比随制冷量的变化

Fig.16 Percentage of PCu and all the other losses versus cooling power respectively

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