荷叶表面的复刻及微纳结构对疏水性能的影响

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190168

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

结合改进的模板法和ZnO水热生长法在环氧树脂基底上得到了荷叶仿生超疏水结构，该方法工艺流程简单、制作成本低廉，可以实现微观结构的快速复刻。研究了模板法对天然表面复刻的适用范围，其对荷叶和水稻等具有突起类微观结构表面的复刻效果良好，并研究了水热法中ZnO生长液浓度对纳米结构的影响。同时为了研究不同微观结构对表面疏水性能的影响，制作了光滑表面、纳米结构表面和仿荷叶微米结构表面，并测试了表面的疏水性能。结果表明，粗糙结构能够提高低能表面的疏水性能，微纳复合结构更有利于表面形成超疏水；增加表面的粗糙结构能够增加液滴与固体接触面上的气-液占比，进而使得液滴在表面的接触角增加。

关键词: 仿生, 表面制备, 纳米结构, 微纳复合结构, 界面, 疏水性

Abstract:

Artificial lotus leaves superhydrophobic hierarchical structure was obtained on epoxy resin substrates by improved molding method and zinc oxide hydrothermal growth method. The process of this method is simple and low-cost, and the natural micro-structure can be quickly reproduced on the artificial surface. The molding method is effectively used for lotus and rice leave with protuberant microstructures. And the effect of ZnO growth liquid concentration on nanostructure was also studied. Then, in order to study the influence of microstructures at different scale sizes on the hydrophobic properties of the surface, smooth surface, nanostructure surface and microstructure lotus replica surface were fabricated. the hydrophobic properties of these surfaces were measured. The date shows that the rough structure can improve the hydrophobicity of the surface, and the micro-nano hierarchical structure is more helpful to the formation of superhydrophobicity on the surface. When droplets contact with the surface in Cassie state, the larger the proportion of air on the contact area, the smaller the contact angle and the smaller the sliding angle on the surface.

Key words: biomimetic, surface fabrication, nanostructure, hierarchical structure, interface, hydrophobicit

中图分类号:

TQ 028.8

向静, 王宏, 朱恂, 丁玉栋, 廖强, 陈蓉. 荷叶表面的复刻及微纳结构对疏水性能的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(9): 3545-3552.

Jing XIANG, Hong WANG, Xun ZHU, Yudong DING, Qiang LIAO, Rong CHEN. Fast replication method for lotus leaf and effect of micro-nanostructure on hydrophobic properties[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(9): 3545-3552.

图/表 11

图1 模板法的制作流程

Fig.1 Manufacturing process of bionic surfaces by molding

图2 干荷叶与模板法得到的仿荷叶表面的SEM图

Fig.2 SEM micrographs of dry lotus leaf and lotus microstructure replica

图3 仿荷叶微米结构、仿荷叶微纳复合结构和原始材料干荷叶的接触角与滚动角

Fig.3 Contact angles and sliding angels of lotus microstructure replica, lotus hierarchical structure replica and dry lotus leaf

图4 荷叶表面微纳复合结构ESEM图[(a)~(c)][32]和仿荷叶微纳复合结构SEM图[(d)~(f)]

Fig.4 ESEM micrographs of lotus leaf hierarchical structure[(a)—(c)][32] and SEM micrographs of lotus hierarchical structure replica[(d)—(f)]

图5 水稻和槐叶萍表面微观结构的原型与复刻表面SEM图

Fig.5 SEM micrographs of rice leaf and Salvinia cucullata’s prototype and replica

表1 不同ZnO生长液浓度及其对应的ZnO纳米线形貌

Table 1 Concentration of ZnO grow liquid and relative ZnO nanohair morphology

Concentration of ZnO / (mol/L)	ZnO nanohair morphology
Concentration of ZnO / (mol/L)	Average diameter / nm	Average length / nm
0.01	25	200
0.025	30	350
0.04	45	400
0.055	75	650
0.07	139	780
0.095	347	890

图6 部分ZnO生长液浓度所对应的纳米线SEM图

Fig.6 Concentration of ZnO grow liquid and SEM micrographs of relative nanohair

图7 ZnO生长液浓度与仿荷叶微纳复合结构表面的接触角和滚动角的关系

Fig.7 Relationship of concentration of ZnO grow liquid and lotus hierarchical structure replicas’ contact angle and sliding angle

图8 不同尺度微观表面结构的SEM图

Fig.8 SEM microimages of different microstructure surfaces

图9 不同表面硅烷化前后的接触角

Fig.9 Contact angle of different surfaces before and after silane treatment

图10 不同尺度微观结构表面的接触角与滚动角

Fig.10 Contact angle and sliding angle of different microstructure surfaces

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