超亲水多孔金属结构驱动的毛细液膜冷凝及传热强化

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230538

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蒸汽冷凝可以在小温差下释放大量的相变潜热，在石油化工、余热利用、海水淡化等领域发挥重要作用。提出了超亲水多孔金属结构驱动的毛细液膜冷凝传热新模式，通过耦合毛细结构对冷凝液的快速输运和多孔金属对液层热阻的降低，实现了适用于水和低表面能工质体系的冷凝传热强化。建立了毛细液膜冷凝的热质传递模型，分析了多孔结构的孔隙率与厚度、工质物性、操作条件等对冷凝传热系数、临界热通量和最大溢流过冷度的影响。结果表明，随着多孔结构厚度和孔隙率减小，冷凝传热系数显著增大，而最大溢流过冷度和临界热通量减小。结合冷凝传热与可视化实验，分析了泡沫铜结构表面对液膜冷凝形态和传热性能的影响，验证了毛细液膜冷凝传热模型的准确性。

关键词: 相变, 传热, 界面, 液膜冷凝, 强化传热

Abstract:

Steam condensation can release a large amount of latent heat of phase change at a small temperature difference, and plays an important role in petrochemical, waste heat utilization, seawater desalination and other fields. Here, a capillary liquid film condensation driven by superhydrophilic porous metal structures is proposed by coupling the rapid condensate transport in capillary structures and the reduced thermal resistance of wetted porous structures. Such a capillary liquid film mode is suitable for enhancing condensation heat transfer of water and various low surface energy fluids. A heat and mass transfer model of capillary liquid film condensation is established to investigate the effect of the porosity and thickness of porous structures, the physical properties of working fluids, and the operating conditions of condensation on the heat transfer coefficient, critical heat flux, and flooding threshold of subcooling. The results show that as the thickness and porosity of porous structures increase, the heat transfer coefficient increases while the maximum surface subcooling and critical heat flux decrease. Combined with condensation heat transfer and visualization experiments, the effect of the copper foam structure on liquid condensate behaviors and heat transfer performance is further investigated. The heat transfer model of capillary liquid film condensation is also verified.

Key words: phase-change, heat transfer, interface, liquid film condensation, heat transfer enhancement

中图分类号:

TK 121

张贲, 王松柏, 魏子亚, 郝婷婷, 马学虎, 温荣福. 超亲水多孔金属结构驱动的毛细液膜冷凝及传热强化[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 2824-2835.

Ben ZHANG, Songbai WANG, Ziya WEI, Tingting HAO, Xuehu MA, Rongfu WEN. Capillary liquid film condensation and heat transfer enhancement driven by superhydrophilic porous metal structure[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(7): 2824-2835.

图/表 8

图1 超亲水多孔结构表面上毛细液膜冷凝的物理过程

Fig.1 Physical processes of capillary liquid film condensation on the superhydrophilic porous surface

图2 蒸汽冷凝传热实验台及显微可视化系统

Fig.2 Experimental test system of condensation heat transfer along with microscopic visualization system

图3 毛细液膜冷凝传热模型的离散化及对最大溢流过冷度的预测

Fig.3 Heat transfer model of capillary liquid film condensation and its discretization for predicting the maximum subcooling

图4 超亲水多孔表面的结构参数对冷凝传热性能的影响

Fig.4 Effect of structure parameters of the superhydrophilic porous surface on condensation heat transfer performance

图5 多孔结构层的厚度对低表面能工质毛细液膜冷凝传热性能的影响

Fig.5 Effect of porous structure thickness on the heat transfer performance of low surface energy fluid condensation

图6 多孔结构层的孔隙率对低表面能工质毛细液膜冷凝传热性能的影响

Fig.6 Effect of the structure porosity on the heat transfer performance of low surface energy fluid condensation

图7 超亲水泡沫铜结构表面上毛细液膜冷凝的宏观与微观实验图像

Fig.7 Experimental pictures of capillary liquid film condensation on the superhydrophilic copper foam surfaces

图8 超亲水泡沫铜结构表面冷凝传热实验结果与模型预测值的对比

Fig.8 Comparison of experimental results and model predictions of condensation heat transfer on the superhydrophilic surface

参考文献 33

1	Wen R F, Liu W, Ma X H, et al. Coupling droplets/bubbles with a liquid film for enhancing phase-change heat transfer[J]. iScience, 2021, 24(6): 102531.
2	Enright R, Miljkovic N, Alvarado J L, et al. Dropwise condensation on micro-and nanostructured surfaces[J]. Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 2014, 18(3): 223-250.
3	初广文, 廖洪钢, 王丹, 等. 微纳介尺度气液反应过程强化[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(7): 3435-3444.
	Chu G W, Liao H G, Wang D, et al. Gas-liquid reaction process intensification at micro-/nano-mesoscale[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(7): 3435-3444.
4	Torresin D, Tiwari M K, Col D D, et al. Flow condensation on copper-based nanotextured superhydrophobic surfaces[J]. Langmuir, 2013, 29(2): 840-848.
5	Rose J W. Dropwise condensation theory and experiment: a review[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 2002, 216(2): 115-128.
6	马学虎, 兰忠, 王凯, 等. 舞动的液滴: 界面现象与过程调控[J]. 化工学报, 2018, 69(1): 9-43.
	Ma X H, Lan Z, Wang K, et al. Dancing droplet: interface phenomena and process regulation[J]. CIESC Journal, 2018, 69(1): 9-43.
7	Wen R F, Ma X H, Lee Y C, et al. Liquid-vapor phase-change heat transfer on functionalized nanowired surfaces and beyond[J]. Joule, 2018, 2(11): 2307-2347.
8	Rose J W. Condensation heat transfer[J]. Heat and Mass Transfer, 1999, 35(6): 479-485.
9	Rykaczewski K, Paxson A T, Staymates M, et al. Dropwise condensation of low surface tension fluids on omniphobic surfaces[J]. Scientific Reports, 2014, 4: 4158.
10	Preston D J, Lu Z M, Song Y, et al. Heat transfer enhancement during water and hydrocarbon condensation on lubricant infused surfaces[J]. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8: 540.
11	Peng B L, Ma X H, Lan Z, et al. Experimental investigation on steam condensation heat transfer enhancement with vertically patterned hydrophobic-hydrophilic hybrid surfaces[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2015, 83: 27-38.
12	Sharma C S, Stamatopoulos C, Suter R, et al. Rationally 3D-textured copper surfaces for Laplace pressure imbalance-induced enhancement in dropwise condensation[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(34): 29127-29135.
13	Preston D J, Mafra D L, Miljkovic N, et al. Scalable graphene coatings for enhanced condensation heat transfer[J]. Nano Letters, 2015, 15(5): 2902-2909.
14	Attinger D, Frankiewicz C, Betz A R, et al. Surface engineering for phase change heat transfer: a review[J]. MRS Energy & Sustainability, 2014, 1(1): 4.
15	Cho H J, Preston D J, Zhu Y Y, et al. Nanoengineered materials for liquid-vapour phase-change heat transfer[J]. Nature Reviews Materials, 2017, 2: 16092.
16	Wang R S, Jakhar K, Ahmed S, et al. Elucidating the mechanism of condensation-mediated degradation of organofunctional silane self-assembled monolayer coatings[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021, 13(29): 34923-34934.
17	Preston D J, Wang E N. Jumping droplets push the boundaries of condensation heat transfer[J]. Joule, 2018, 2(2): 205-207.
18	Miljkovic N, Wang E N. Condensation heat transfer on superhydrophobic surfaces[J]. MRS Bulletin, 2013, 38(5): 397-406.
19	Tang Y, Deng D X, Huang G H, et al. Effect of fabrication parameters on capillary performance of composite wicks for two-phase heat transfer devices[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2013, 66: 66-76.
20	Liu K, Huang Z, Hemmatifar A, et al. Self-cleaning porous surfaces for dry condensation[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(31): 26759-26764.
21	Cheng Y Q, Wang M M, Sun J, et al. Rapid and persistent suction condensation on hydrophilic surfaces for high-efficiency water collection[J]. Nano Letters, 2021, 21(17): 7411-7418.
22	Wen R F, Xu S S, Zhao D L, et al. Sustaining enhanced condensation on hierarchical mesh-covered surfaces[J]. National Science Review, 2018, 5(6): 878-887.
23	Wang R S, Antao D S. Capillary-enhanced filmwise condensation in porous media[J]. Langmuir, 2018, 34(46): 13855-13863.
24	Preston D J, Wilke K L, Lu Z M, et al. Gravitationally driven wicking for enhanced condensation heat transfer[J]. Langmuir, 2018, 34(15): 4658-4664.
25	Wang R S, Antao D S. Effect of meniscus curvature on phase-change performance during capillary-enhanced filmwise condensation in porous media[J]. Frontiers in Thermal Engineering, 2023, 3: 1131363.
26	Liter S G, Kaviany M. Pool-boiling CHF enhancement by modulated porous-layer coating: theory and experiment[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2001, 44(22): 4287-4311.
27	Ling W S, Zhou W, Yu W, et al. Capillary pumping performance of porous copper fiber sintered wicks for loop heat pipes[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 129: 1582-1594.
28	Yang C, Nakayama A. A synthesis of tortuosity and dispersion in effective thermal conductivity of porous media[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2010, 53(15/16): 3222-3230.
29	温荣福, 马学虎, 兰忠, 等. 低压蒸汽滴状冷凝中液滴脱落滞后效应[J]. 科学通报, 2015, 60(S2): 2784-2789.
	Wen R F, Ma X H, Lan Z, et al. Retention effect of droplet departure in dropwise condensation at low steam pressure[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(S2): 2784-2789.
30	Lan Z, Chen Y S, Hu S B, et al. Droplet regulation and dropwise condensation heat transfer enhancement on hydrophobic-superhydrophobic hybrid surfaces[J]. Heat Transfer Engineering, 2018, 39(17/18): 1540-1551.
31	Ma X H, Zhou X D, Lan Z, et al. Condensation heat transfer enhancement in the presence of non-condensable gas using the interfacial effect of dropwise condensation[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2008, 51(7/8): 1728-1737.
32	Nam K, Jeong S. Investigation of oscillating flow friction factor for cryocooler regenerator considering cryogenic temperature effect[J]. Cryogenics, 2005, 45(12): 733-738.
33	Zhang X B, Qiu L M, Gan Z H, et al. CFD study of a simple orifice pulse tube cooler[J]. Cryogenics, 2007, 47(5/6): 315-321.

[1]	周晓庆, 李春煜, 杨光, 蔡爱峰, 吴静怡. 液滴撞击不同曲率过冷波纹面结冰动力学行为及机理研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 141-153.
[2]	张双星, 刘舫辰, 张义飞, 杜文静. R-134a脉动热管相变蓄放热实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 165-171.
[3]	毕丽森, 刘斌, 胡恒祥, 曾涛, 李卓睿, 宋健飞, 吴翰铭. 粗糙界面上纳米液滴蒸发模式的分子动力学研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 172-178.
[4]	张义飞, 刘舫辰, 张双星, 杜文静. 超临界二氧化碳用印刷电路板式换热器性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 183-190.
[5]	陈爱强, 代艳奇, 刘悦, 刘斌, 吴翰铭. 基板温度对HFE7100液滴蒸发过程的影响研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 191-197.
[6]	刘明栖, 吴延鹏. 导光管直径和长度对传热影响的模拟分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 206-212.
[7]	王志国, 薛孟, 董芋双, 张田震, 秦晓凯, 韩强. 基于裂隙粗糙性表征方法的地热岩体热流耦合数值模拟与分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 223-234.
[8]	江河, 袁俊飞, 王林, 邢谷雨. 均流腔结构对微细通道内相变流动特性影响的实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 235-244.
[9]	吴延鹏, 刘乾隆, 田东民, 陈凤君. 相变材料与热管耦合的电子器件热管理研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 25-31.
[10]	晁京伟, 许嘉兴, 李廷贤. 基于无管束蒸发换热强化策略的吸附热池的供热性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 302-310.
[11]	程成, 段钟弟, 孙浩然, 胡海涛, 薛鸿祥. 表面微结构对析晶沉积特性影响的格子Boltzmann模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 74-86.
[12]	李艺彤, 郭航, 陈浩, 叶芳. 催化剂非均匀分布的质子交换膜燃料电池操作条件研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3831-3840.
[13]	王玉兵, 李杰, 詹宏波, 朱光亚, 张大林. R134a在菱形离散肋微小通道内的流动沸腾换热实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3797-3806.
[14]	齐聪, 丁子, 余杰, 汤茂清, 梁林. 基于选择吸收纳米薄膜的太阳能温差发电特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3921-3930.
[15]	李科, 文键, 忻碧平. 耦合蒸气冷却屏的真空多层绝热结构对液氢储罐自增压过程的影响机制研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3786-3796.