蛭石粉末及离子溶液改性后膨胀率和灭火有效性分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200860

化工学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (3): 1761-1768.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20200860

蛭石粉末及离子溶液改性后膨胀率和灭火有效性分析

田逢时^1,⁴(),董欣欣²,疏学明¹,赵金龙³()

^1.清华大学工程物理系，公共安全研究院，北京城市综合应急科学实验室，北京 100084
^2.天津市消防救援总队，天津 300090
^3.中国矿业大学（北京）应急管理与安全工程学院，北京 100083
^4.中国人民警察大学，河北廊坊 065000

收稿日期:2020-06-30 修回日期:2020-09-06 出版日期:2021-03-05 发布日期:2021-03-05
通讯作者: 赵金龙
作者简介:田逢时（1987—），男，博士研究生，tfs19@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC0833402);河北省高校科技研究项目(Z2018213)

Experimental study on expansion rate and fire extinguishing effectiveness after modification of vermiculite powder and ionic solution

TIAN Fengshi^1,⁴(),DONG Xinxin²,SHU Xueming¹,ZHAO Jinlong³()

^1.Beijing Key Laboratory of City Integrated Emergency Response Science, Institute of Public Safety Research, Engineering Physics Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
^2.Tianjin Fire Rescue Bureau, Tianjin 300090, China
^3.School of Emergency Management & Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China
^4.China People's Police University, Langfang 065000, Hebei, China

Received:2020-06-30 Revised:2020-09-06 Online:2021-03-05 Published:2021-03-05
Contact: ZHAO Jinlong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研发高效干粉灭火剂粉体，提升干粉灭火剂的灭火效果，本文以蛭石粉为研究对象，采用NaCl、NaHCO₃、MgCl₂和KCl四类离子溶液对不同粒径的蛭石粉进行改性处理，并分析了原始蛭石粉末以及改性后的蛭石粉的膨胀率和表面微观结构。随后开展了ABC干粉灭火剂、未改性蛭石粉、MgCl₂改性蛭石粉、NaCl改性蛭石粉、KCl改性蛭石粉、NaHCO₃改性蛭石粉扑灭油池火实验，分析了灭火时间、灭火剂用量以及复燃情况。研究结果表明：粒径150 μm的蛭石粉末膨胀率最大，且经过改性的蛭石粉末的膨胀率要明显大于原始蛭石粉末，其中MgCl₂改性后的蛭石粉膨胀率最大，接近2.4左右；从灭火时间来看，灭火效果从低到高依次为ABC干粉灭火剂、未改性蛭石粉、MgCl₂改性蛭石粉、NaCl改性蛭石粉、KCl改性蛭石粉、NaHCO₃改性蛭石粉；从灭火剂用量角度可得出：改性蛭石粉灭火用量要明显小于未改性蛭石粉。其中，NaHCO₃改性蛭石粉用量与ABC干粉灭火剂用量相对接近。从复燃角度来看，膨胀蛭石粉末的密度较小，可长时间悬浮在油品表面，有效阻止复燃，效果明显优于传统的ABC类干粉灭火剂。

关键词: 蛭石粉体, 改性, 膨胀率, 灭火时间, 复燃实验, 安全

Abstract:

Expandable vermiculite powder was selected as the fire extinguishing powder in the study to improve the extinguishing effectiveness. Meanwhile, the expandable vermiculite powder was modified by the water solution of NaCl, NaHCO₃, MgCl₂ and KCl, respectively. Subsequently, the expansion rate, extinguishing fire effectiveness including extinguishing time and re-burning condition of the original and modified vermiculite powder were studied and analyzed. The results show that the expansion rate was increasing with the increase of vermiculite powder diameter. In addition, the expansion rate will increase obvious after the modification, in which the expansion rate of modified vermiculite powder by MgCl₂ is the largest, approximately 2.4. In the respect of extinguishing time, the order of extinguishing fire effectiveness from high to low is NaHCO₃ modified vermiculite powder, KCl modified vermiculite powder, NaCl modified vermiculite powder, MgCl₂ modified vermiculite powder, origin vermiculite powder and ABC dry powder fire extinguishing agent. From the perspective of the amount of fire extinguishing agent, it can be concluded that the amount of modified vermiculite powder is significantly less than that of unmodified vermiculite powder. Among them, the amount of NaHCO₃ modified vermiculite powder is relatively close to that of ABC dry powder fire extinguishing agent. In the re-ignition experiments, it was found that the density of vermiculite powder after expansion is lower and the expanded vermiculite powder can effectively cover the oil surface to prevent the oil fire re-burning.

Key words: vermiculite powder, modified treat, expansion rate, extinguishing time, fire re-burning experiment, safety

中图分类号:

田逢时, 董欣欣, 疏学明, 赵金龙. 蛭石粉末及离子溶液改性后膨胀率和灭火有效性分析[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(3): 1761-1768.

TIAN Fengshi, DONG Xinxin, SHU Xueming, ZHAO Jinlong. Experimental study on expansion rate and fire extinguishing effectiveness after modification of vermiculite powder and ionic solution[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(3): 1761-1768.

图/表 10

图1 蛭石晶体结构示意图

Fig.1 The structure of vermiculite crystals

表1 可膨胀蛭石粉的构成成分及含量

Table 1 The detail components of the expanded vermiculite powder in the experiments

成分	含量/%
SiO₂	37.56
Al₂O₃	11.85
Fe₂O₃	5.15
CaO	1.51
MgO	22.44
TiO₂	1.05
K₂O	6.39
P₂O₅	0.085
S	0.046
MnO	0.030
H₂O	7.18
loss on ignition	6.71

图2 可膨胀干粉灭火剂抑制油池火实验装置

Fig.2 The schematic of experimental setup for suppressing oil pool fire with expandable dry powder fire extinguishing agent

图3 不同粒径蛭石粉改性前后膨胀率

Fig.3 The comparison of expansion rate between the original vermiculite powder and modified vermiculite powder

图4 改性前后蛭石粉高温前后的结构对比

Fig.4 The structure comparison between original vermiculite powder and expanded vermiculite powder after high temperature

图5 油池起火和未改性蛭石粉的灭火过程

Fig.5 The development of pool fire and the extinguishing process by the vermiculite powder

图6 不同灭火剂灭火效果

Fig.6 The extinguishing effects by different agents

图7 不同粉末扑灭油池火的灭火剂用量

Fig.7 The used mass of extinguishing agent after the fire extinguishment

图8 ABC类干粉灭火剂灭火后的复燃情况

Fig.8 The re-burn conditions after the extinguishment by ABC dry power agent

图9 NaHCO3改性蛭石粉灭火后的复燃情况

Fig.9 The re-burning conditions after the extinguishment by NaHCO3 modified vermiculite powder

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蛭石粉末及离子溶液改性后膨胀率和灭火有效性分析

Experimental study on expansion rate and fire extinguishing effectiveness after modification of vermiculite powder and ionic solution

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