考虑碳排放因素的汽油调合在线优化

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20221022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对国家“双碳”战略目标要求，以炼化企业汽油调合在线优化为研究对象，分析了国Ⅵ汽油新标准下被控属性更多、更严、调合效率要求更高等特点，以及由此带来的调合组分油调整导致调合成品汽油携带碳排放量的变化情况。考虑到传统的汽油调合在线优化一般只考虑调合成本、质量卡边等目标，首先建立了非线性的汽油调合辛烷值、蒸气压和馏程等软测量模型，然后构建了基于调合效应的汽油调合优化模型，优化目标中引入调合成品油二氧化碳排放最低化目标，开发了一种融合携带碳排放特征的汽油调合优化模型。为满足在线调合优化需求，优化模型中考虑了实际累积调合过程，将调合工艺过程中储罐汽油属性合格转化成调合头属性区间合格，利用调合头处优化的属性补偿已调合体积和罐底油的属性偏差。仿真结果表明，设计的考虑碳排放因素汽油累积调合优化技术能很好地满足汽油调合在线优化需求，为国Ⅵ标准和碳交易背景下汽油调合工艺设计及在线优化控制提供了技术支撑。

关键词: 二氧化碳, 国Ⅵ, 汽油调合, 在线优化, 碳排放

Abstract:

According to the requirements of the national “two carbon” strategic objectives, taking the online optimization of gasoline blending in refining and chemical enterprises as the research object, this paper analyzes the characteristics of more controlled attributes, stricter requirements and higher blending efficiency under the new national Ⅵ gasoline standard, as well as the changes of carbon emissions of blended gasoline caused by the adjustment of blending components. Considering that the traditional online optimization of gasoline blending only considers the blending cost, quality and other objectives, this paper first establishes a nonlinear soft sensor model of gasoline blending octane number, vapor pressure and distillation range, and the goal of minimizing carbon dioxide emissions from blended refined oil was introduced into the optimization objective, and a gasoline blending optimization model incorporating carbon emission characteristics was developed. In order to meet the demand of online blending optimization, the actual cumulative blending process is considered in the optimization model. The qualified attributes of tank gasoline in blending process are transformed into qualified attributes of blending head. The optimized attributes of blending head are used to compensate the attribute deviation of blended volume and tank bottom oil. The simulation results show that the gasoline blending optimization technology considering carbon emission can well meet the demand of gasoline blending online optimization, and provide technical support for gasoline blending process design and online optimization control under the background of national Ⅵ standard and carbon trading.

Key words: carbon dioxide, national Ⅵ, gasoline blending, online optimization, carbon emission

中图分类号:

TE 991

何仁初, 张朝晖, 杨明磊, 王聪, 奚桢浩. 考虑碳排放因素的汽油调合在线优化[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(2): 818-829.

Renchu HE, Zhaohui ZHANG, Minglei YANG, Cong WANG, Zhenhao XI. Online optimization of gasoline blending considering carbon emissions[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(2): 818-829.

图/表 16

表1 国Ⅵ（B）与国Ⅴ标准的质量指标变化（GB 17930—2016）

Table 1 Changes in the quality index of the national Ⅵ（B） standard compared to the national Ⅴ standard （GB 17930—2016）

属性名称	苯含量/% (体积)	芳烃含量/% (体积)	烯烃含量/% (体积)
车用汽油国Ⅴ标准	1.0	40	24
车用汽油国Ⅵ（B）标准	0.8	35	15
属性值变化量	0.2	5	9

表2 国Ⅵ（B）汽油调合池组分油属性

Table 2 Composition properties of national Ⅵ（B） gasoline blending pool

组分油	单价/(CNY·t^-1)	研究法辛烷值(RON)	烯烃含量/% (体积)	芳烃含量/% (体积)	苯含量/% (体积)	氧含量/% (质量)	10% 蒸发温度/℃	50% 蒸发温度/℃	90% 蒸发温度/℃	终馏点/℃	密度(20℃)/(kg·m^-3)	硫含量/(mg·kg^-1)	蒸气压^①/kPa
催化裂化汽油	4300	90.0	39.0	20.0	0.55	0	43	82	170	207	736	30.0	68
烷基化油	5300	96.0	0.1	0.5	0	0	80	104	120	186	692	1.2	54
重整汽油	5000	100.0	0.3	72.0	0.49	0	99	121	154	197	760	0.1	45
MTBE	6000	110.0	0	0	0	18.3	30	50	140	170	727	0	44
加氢裂化轻石脑油	4400	78.6	1.4	0.2	1.40	0	42	54	75	96	661	1.0	84

图1 车用汽油调合在线优化示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of accumulative blending process for vehicle gasoline

图2 汽油全生命周期碳排放示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of calculating the carbon emission per unit component oil by the activity-based costing method

图3 作业成本法计算碳排放示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram for calculating carbon emissions using activity-based costing

表3 组分油的碳排放携带量

Table 3 Carrying capacity of component oil carbon emissions

组分油	碳排放携带量/(kg·t^-1)
催化裂化汽油	241
烷基化油	969
重整汽油	529
MTBE	500
加氢裂化轻石脑油	126

图4 车用汽油调合过程储罐构成

Fig.4 Storage tank representation in the process of vehicle gasoline blending

表4 国Ⅴ和国Ⅵ（B）标准下的成品汽油碳排放携带量对比

Table 4 Comparison of carbon emission carrying capacity of gasoline under national Ⅴ and national Ⅵ（B）

项目	成品汽油碳排放携带量/(kg·t^-1)
国Ⅴ标准下的汽油调合	385.8
国Ⅵ（B）标准下的汽油调合	487.1
差值	101.3

表5 不同情景下的碳排放成本

Table 5 Cost of carbon emissions under different scenarios

情景	碳排放成本/(CNY·t^-1)
（1）	58
（2）	345
（3）	1050

表6 情景（1）下的优化结果对比

Table 6 Comparison of optimization results under scenario（1）

在线调合优化

C_b/

(CNY·t^-1)

C_c/

(CNY·t^-1)

C_e/

(CNY·t^-1)

图5 成品汽油碳排放构成对比（单位：kg·t-1）

Fig.5 Comparison of carbon emission composition of refined gasoline

图6 组分罐液位变化

Fig.6 Liquid level change of component tank

图7 组分油流量变化

Fig.7 Variation of component oil flow

图8 定量减少某一组分油碳排放携带量对成品汽油碳排放携带量的影响

Fig.8 The effect of quantitatively reducing the carbon emission carried by a certain component oil on the carbon emission carried by refined gasoline

图9 不同情况下成品汽油碳排放携带量比较

Fig.9 Comparison of carbon emissions carried by refined gasoline under different conditions

图10 不同情景下汽油调合综合成本变化对比

Fig.10 Comparison of the changing of gasoline blending cost under different scenarios

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