二氧化碳直线压缩机气体轴承模拟

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241171

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

直线压缩机性能优越，具有良好的容量调节能力，能够提升系统效率、适应多样化运行工况，在制冷、低温领域具有广泛的应用前景。气体轴承技术可实现直线压缩机的无油润滑和高可靠性。二氧化碳是一种环保制冷剂，低GWP、OGP为0且具有良好的性能。以二氧化碳为制冷剂，建立多孔质气体轴承模型，利用Fluent软件进行模拟计算，对多孔质材料厚度、气隙厚度、供气压力、偏心率对气体轴承耗气量和承载力的影响进行仿真分析，通过响应曲面法确定了最佳设计参数组合为气隙厚度10.0~11.1 μm、多孔质材料厚度为2.11~3.50 mm，为二氧化碳直线压缩机气体轴承的设计提供参考。

关键词: 二氧化碳, 压缩机, 气体轴承, 优化设计

Abstract:

Linear compressors offer superior performance with excellent capacity modulation, enhancing system efficiency and enabling adaptation to a wide range of operating conditions. These characteristics make them highly suitable for applications in refrigeration and cryogenic systems. Gas bearing technology facilitates oil-free lubrication and ensures high reliability in linear compressors. Carbon dioxide (CO₂), as an environmentally friendly refrigerant, has a low global warming potential (GWP) and an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of zero, along with excellent thermophysical properties. In this study, a porous gas bearing model is developed using CO₂ as the working fluid. Simulations are performed using Fluent software to evaluate the influence of porous material thickness, gas gap thickness, supply pressure, and eccentricity on the gas consumption and load capacity of the gas bearing. Using response surface methodology, the optimal design parameters were determined to be a gas gap thickness of 10.0—11.1 μm and a porous material thickness of 2.11—3.50 mm. These results provide a valuable reference for the design of gas bearings in CO₂ linear compressors.

Key words: carbon dioxide, compressor, gas bearings, optimized design

中图分类号:

TB 652

孔繁臣, 张硕, 唐明生, 邹慧明, 胡舟航, 田长青. 二氧化碳直线压缩机气体轴承模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(S1): 281-288.

Fanchen KONG, Shuo ZHANG, Mingsheng TANG, Huiming ZOU, Zhouhang HU, Changqing TIAN. Simulation of gas bearings in carbon dioxide linear compressors[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(S1): 281-288.

图/表 15

图1 用于直线压缩机的多孔气体轴承结构

Fig.1 Porous gas bearing structure for linear compressor

图2 多孔质气体轴承剖面结构及偏心状态

Fig.2 Porous gas bearing cross-section structure and eccentricity

图3 多孔质气体轴承模型

Fig.3 Porous gas bearing model

表1 活塞气缸结构

Table 1 Piston cylinder structure

参数	数值
活塞直径D/mm	16
气缸长度L/mm	30
多孔质材料厚度/mm	3
气隙厚度/μm	12
工质	CO₂

图4 多孔质气体轴承网格生成

Fig.4 Porous gas bearing mesh generation

表2 网格无关性检查

Table 2 Grid independence check

网格划分（r，θ，z）	网格数量/个	耗气量/(10^-4 kg/s)	耗气量误差/%
10，120，120	144000	1.559	0.369
15，120，120	216000	1.555	0.128
20，120，120	288000	1.553	—
25，120，120	360000	1.552	-0.061
30，120，120	432000	1.552	-0.075

图5 气体轴承气隙压力分布云图

Fig.5 Gap pressure distribution cloud diagram of gas bearing

图6 实验测试装置

Fig.6 Experimental test equipment

表3 多孔质活塞气缸测试条件

Table 3 Porous piston cylinder test conditions

测试样品

测试条件

二氧化碳直线压缩机

多孔质气缸活塞组合件

供气压力1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 MPa

图7 仿真计算结果与实验结果的对比

Fig.7 Comparison of simulation results with experimental results

图8 偏心率对气体轴承的影响

Fig.8 Effect of eccentricity on gas bearings

图9 气隙厚度对气体轴承的影响

Fig.9 Effect of air gap thickness on gas bearings

图10 多孔质材料厚度对气体轴承的影响

Fig.10 Effect of porous material thickness on gas bearings

图11 气隙厚度和多孔质材料厚度对承载力的影响

Fig.11 Effect of air gap thickness and porous material thickness on bearing capacity

图12 气隙厚度和多孔质材料厚度对耗气量的影响

Fig.12 Effect of air gap thickness and porous material on gas consumption

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