节流作用下CO2管道放空过程的冻堵风险实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241091

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

CO₂输送管道作为碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）技术的关键环节，当遇到泄漏、腐蚀等损伤时需要先对管道放空来开展后续修复工作。为确保放空操作的安全性，需对放空过程中的干冰冻堵隐患与冻阀危险进行评估。故基于工业规模CO₂管道节流实验装置，开展了2组不同节流阀开度的超临界相放空实验。结果表明，直接放空过程中，放空后期主管道的注入端出现干冰区（长度小于149.2 m，高度小于58.3 mm），并且生成的干冰颗粒存在迁移现象。放空管最低温度降至-23.2℃，零下低温持续600.4 s。节流放空虽能提升注入端干冰区最低温度，但在泄放端会出现干冰堆积（堆积长度小于10.4 m，高度小于116.5 mm）。节流作用可以降低放空管充压水平（降压幅度为40%），但同时也会降低放空管的温降幅度（最低温度降至-35.4℃）从而增加冻阀隐患。

关键词: 安全, 二氧化碳, 实验验证, 节流, 干冰冻堵, 阀门低温

Abstract:

CO₂ pipelines is a key link of CCUS technology, when it encounters leakage, corrosion and other damage, it is necessary to vent the pipeline first to carry out subsequent repair work. In order to ensure the safety of the venting operation, it is necessary to evaluate the potential danger of dry ice generation and the risk of valve freezing during the venting process. In this paper, based on the industrial-scale CO₂ pipeline throttling experimental device, two groups of supercritical phase venting experiments with different throttle valve openings were performed. The results showed that during the direct venting process, a dry ice zone (length shorter than 149.2 m, height lower than 58.3 mm) appeared at the injection end of the main pipeline at the later stage of the venting, and that the generated dry ice particles had migration phenomena. The minimum temperature of the vent pipe drops to -23.2℃, and the subzero low temperature continues for 600.4 s. Although the throttling effect can improve the minimum temperature of the dry ice area at the injection end, but dry ice accumulation occurs at the discharge end (the length of the accumulation is shorter than 10.4 m, and the height is lower than 116.5 mm). The throttling effect can reduce the pressure filling level of the vent pipe (pressure reduction of 40%), but will also reduce the temperature drop of the vent pipe (the lowest temperature down to -35.4℃) and increase the potential danger of valve freezing.

Key words: safety, carbon dioxide, experimental validation, throttle, dry ice freezing blockage, valve low temperature

中图分类号:

X 937

霍军良, 唐治国, 邱宗君, 冯玉华, 蒋旭, 王乐怡, 杨宇, 乔帆帆, 赫一凡, 喻健良. 节流作用下CO₂管道放空过程的冻堵风险实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(4): 1898-1908.

Junliang HUO, Zhiguo TANG, Zongjun QIU, Yuhua FENG, Xu JIANG, Leyi WANG, Yu YANG, Fanfan QIAO, Yifan HE, Jianliang YU. Experimental research on risk of freezing and plugging during CO₂ pipeline venting under throttling effect[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(4): 1898-1908.

图/表 19

图1 放空实验装置

Fig.1 Experimental setup for venting

图2 主管道加热装置

Fig.2 Main pipe heating unit

表1 主管道截面距放空端长度

Table 1 Length of main pipe section from release end

截面序列	长度/m
1	237.4
2	162.0
3	108.8
4	54.2
5	10.4
6	7.4
7	0.7

图3 主管道截面测点设置

Fig.3 Main pipe cross-section measurement points

表2 放空管截面与主管道轴线高度

Table 2 Height of vent pipe cross-section in axis with the main pipe

截面序列	高度/m
1	0.35
2	0.80
3	2.65
4	3.25
5	4.95

表3 放空实验参数

Table 3 Parameters of release experiment

实验组别

初始温度/℃

初始压力/MPa

节流阀门

开度/%

管内介质

相态

图4 Test1主管道压力变化曲线

Fig.4 Test1 pressure change curve of main pipe

图5 Test1放空过程主管道温度变化

Fig.5 Test1 temperature change of main pipe during venting process

图6 Test1主管道干冰生成范围

Fig.6 Test1 range of dry ice generation for main pipes

图7 Test1入口端管底相变曲线

Fig.7 Test1 phase transition curve at the bottom of the tube at the inlet end

图8 Test1放空管压力变化

Fig.8 Test1 pressure variation in the vent pipe

图9 Test1放空管温度变化

Fig.9 Test1 temperature variation in the vent pipe

图10 主管道压力变化对比

Fig.10 Comparison of pressure changes in main pipe

图11 Test2主管道干冰生成范围

Fig.11 Test2 range of dry ice generation in main pipe

图12 Test2入口端管底相变曲线

Fig.12 Test2 phase transition curve at the bottom of the tube at the inlet end

图13 Test2放空管压力变化

Fig.13 Test2 pressure variation in the vent pipe

图14 Test2放空管温度变化

Fig.14 Test2 temperature variation in the vent pipe

图15 主管道各截面最低温度对比

Fig.15 Comparison of minimum temperatures for each section of the main pipe

图16 主管道各截面干冰区维持时长

Fig.16 Maintenance time of the dry ice areas in each section of the main pipeline

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节流作用下CO₂管道放空过程的冻堵风险实验研究

Experimental research on risk of freezing and plugging during CO₂ pipeline venting under throttling effect

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