基于TRNSYS的太阳能梯级蓄热热泵系统模拟

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241197

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对高寒地区设计了一套干燥藏药的太阳能水源热泵干燥系统。该系统集成了级数为三的梯级潜热储能（CTS）装置，用于热泵能源侧的热管理。相变材料的热物性参数源于制备的3种以三水合乙酸钠为基材的定型复合相变材料，通过COMSOL数值模拟得到CTS的热响应特性，依靠TRNSYS的动态仿真平台进行系统的模拟分析。系统在集成CTS装置前后结果表明：集成CTS装置后，干燥区域内的平均温度升高7.76℃，平均相对湿度降低8.5%，室内最大昼夜温差和最大昼夜相对湿度分别减小了5.35℃和14.67%；热泵的平均COP达到3.40，较未集成CTS装置的热泵提升了8.9%。CTS装置将日间太阳辐射热量储存并转移至夜间使用的循环模式有助于提升太阳能热泵系统运行效能和稳定性。

关键词: 太阳能, 热泵干燥系统, TRNSYS动态仿真, 梯级潜热储能

Abstract:

A solar heat pump drying system of water source is designed for the region of high cold. A cascaded latent heat thermal storage (CTS) device with three stages is integrated in the system for thermal management on the energy of heat pump. The numerical model of the system is constructed by the dynamic simulation platform of TRNSYS. The thermal characteristics of the CTS device are obtained by COMSOL numerical simulation, where the thermo-physical parameters of the phase change materials (PCMs) encapsulated are derived from three stereotyped composites of PCMs based on sodium acetate trihydrate. The operational characteristics of the system are studied before or after the integration of the CTS device. The results show that after the integration with the CTS device, the average temperature in the dry area increases by 7.76℃, the average relative humidity decreases by 8.5%, and the maximum day-night temperature difference and the maximum day-night relative humidity in the room decrease by 5.35℃ and 14.67%, respectively. The average COP of the heat pump reaches 3.40, which is 8.9% larger than that of the heat pump without the integration of the CTS device. The CTS device stores and transfers the daytime solar radiation to the nighttime circulation mode, which is beneficial for the utilization of uneven solar thermal radiation. Consequently, its integration into the heat pump system has a great potential to improve the operational efficiency and stability of the heat pump.

Key words: solar energy, heat pump drying system, dynamic simulation with TRNSYS, cascade latent heat thermal energy storage

中图分类号:

TK 02

肖鑫, 杨耿, 王云峰. 基于TRNSYS的太阳能梯级蓄热热泵系统模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(S1): 393-400.

Xin XIAO, Geng YANG, Yunfeng WANG. Simulation of solar heat pump system integration of cascade latent heat thermal energy storage based on TRNSYS[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(S1): 393-400.

图/表 8

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物性	SAT1	SAT2	SAT3
各组分质量比(SAT∶AC∶DHPD∶CMC∶EG)	100∶7∶1∶1∶7.5	100∶13∶1∶1∶7.5	100∶19∶1∶1∶7.5
比热容/(kJ/(kg·K))	1.91(固)/2.98(液)	1.95(固)/2.97(液)	1.99(固)/2.96(液)
相变潜热/(kJ/kg)	196.8	186.6	179.6
熔点/℃	51.4	43.9	38.9
相变范围/℃	5.4	9.4	11.7
理论优化相变温度/℃	51.5	43.3	36.4
热导率/(W/(m·K))	2.096(30℃)/2.310(60℃)
密度/(kg/m³)	1136.4

物性	SAT1	SAT2	SAT3
各组分质量比(SAT∶AC∶DHPD∶CMC∶EG)	100∶7∶1∶1∶7.5	100∶13∶1∶1∶7.5	100∶19∶1∶1∶7.5
比热容/(kJ/(kg·K))	1.91(固)/2.98(液)	1.95(固)/2.97(液)	1.99(固)/2.96(液)
相变潜热/(kJ/kg)	196.8	186.6	179.6
熔点/℃	51.4	43.9	38.9
相变范围/℃	5.4	9.4	11.7
理论优化相变温度/℃	51.5	43.3	36.4
热导率/(W/(m·K))	2.096(30℃)/2.310(60℃)
密度/(kg/m³)	1136.4

组件	子程序	参数及其设置条件
平板太阳能集热器	Type1b	集热面积：20.0 m²；水流率：200 kg/h；集热器安装角度：45°
缓冲水箱	Type156	罐体积：6 m³；罐高：2 m；罐内水分层节点数：5；热损失速率：3.325 kJ/(m²·K·h)
辅助加热器	Type138	热效率：0.8；设定加热温度：70℃；水流率：200 kg/( m²·h)；额定加热功率：1 kW
单级液源热泵	Type919	额定空气测流量：1080 m³/h；额定供热量：10.55 kW, 额定供热功率：3.52 kW；新风占比：33%；额定供热量比例：60%；额定供热功率比例：60%
一体式除湿器	Type688	风机额定功率：93 W；额定流率：400 kg/h
瞬态周期时间表	Type14h	10~18 h输出1，其余时间输出0
水泵	Type3b	泵1~3最大流率：400 kg/h；最大功率：16.67 W；功率系数：0.5
恒温差分控制器	Type2b	高温切断温度：100℃；上位温差：10℃；下位温差：4℃
天气文件读取器	Type15-6	地面反射率：无雪覆盖时期0.2，有雪时0.7
建筑干燥区域	Type660	总热损失系数：500 kJ/( K·h)；室内热容：27.23 kJ/K^[6]；容积：10 m³；初始温湿度：20℃，60%；渗透风量：75 kg/h；潜热负荷：2.37 kW；水生成速率：0.49 kg/h；除湿设定点：10%，供热设定温度：55℃

组件	子程序	参数及其设置条件
平板太阳能集热器	Type1b	集热面积：20.0 m²；水流率：200 kg/h；集热器安装角度：45°
缓冲水箱	Type156	罐体积：6 m³；罐高：2 m；罐内水分层节点数：5；热损失速率：3.325 kJ/(m²·K·h)
辅助加热器	Type138	热效率：0.8；设定加热温度：70℃；水流率：200 kg/( m²·h)；额定加热功率：1 kW
单级液源热泵	Type919	额定空气测流量：1080 m³/h；额定供热量：10.55 kW, 额定供热功率：3.52 kW；新风占比：33%；额定供热量比例：60%；额定供热功率比例：60%
一体式除湿器	Type688	风机额定功率：93 W；额定流率：400 kg/h
瞬态周期时间表	Type14h	10~18 h输出1，其余时间输出0
水泵	Type3b	泵1~3最大流率：400 kg/h；最大功率：16.67 W；功率系数：0.5
恒温差分控制器	Type2b	高温切断温度：100℃；上位温差：10℃；下位温差：4℃
天气文件读取器	Type15-6	地面反射率：无雪覆盖时期0.2，有雪时0.7
建筑干燥区域	Type660	总热损失系数：500 kJ/( K·h)；室内热容：27.23 kJ/K^[6]；容积：10 m³；初始温湿度：20℃，60%；渗透风量：75 kg/h；潜热负荷：2.37 kW；水生成速率：0.49 kg/h；除湿设定点：10%，供热设定温度：55℃

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