局部表面改性紫铜方柱阵列池沸腾传热特性和机理

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20181070

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以局部表面改性的紫铜直方柱和梯度方柱阵列为研究对象，实验研究了表面润湿性、表面形貌和表面活性剂对池沸腾换热性能和气泡生长特性的影响。实验工质为去离子水，浓度分别为100、200、400、800 mg·L^-1的异丙醇溶液和正庚醇溶液。实验结果表明：方柱阵列表面镀银之后润湿性变差，表面产生的气泡数量减少。向去离子水中添加异丙醇或正庚醇后，在热通量为66.1～202 kW·m^-2时，气泡脱离直径变小、数目减少，而当热通量增至413 kW·m^-2时，活性剂能够有效阻碍气泡合并，故池沸腾传热系数随着浓度增加先减小后增大。上下层宽分别0.5 mm和1 mm、间距为2 mm的梯度方柱阵列结构有助于气泡的合并，但由于促进了固体表面气膜的形成，从而降低了沸腾换热性能。

关键词: 局部表面改性, 紫铜方柱阵列, 润湿性, 池沸腾, 表面活性剂

Abstract:

In the present study, the effects of wettability, surface topography and surfactant on the growth of bubbles and pool boiling heat transfer of straight and gradient square copper pillar arrays with partially-modified surface were investigated. The experimental medium was deionized water, 100, 200, 400, 800 mg·L^-1 in isopropanol solution and n-heptanol solution. The results showed that silver deposition on square copper pillar decreases the wettability, and increases bubble number. Addition of isopropanol or n-heptanol into deionized water decreases the number and departure diameter of bubbles in the heat flux range of 66.1—202 kW·m^-2. However, when the heat flux increases to 413 kW·m^-2, the surfactant can effectively prevent bubbles from merging, so the boiling heat transfer coefficient of the pool boiling decreases first and then increases with the increase of the concentration. The gradient square pillar structure with upper and lower layers of 0.5 mm and 1mm and a spacing of 2 mm promotes the coalescence of bubbles and formation of a gas film on the heating surface, and then worsens pool boiling heat transfer.

Key words: partially-modified surface, square copper pillar array, wettability, pool boiling, surfactant

中图分类号:

TK 124

牟帅, 赵长颖, 徐治国. 局部表面改性紫铜方柱阵列池沸腾传热特性和机理[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(4): 1291-1301.

Shuai MOU, Changying ZHAO, Zhiguo XU. Pool boiling heat transfer performance and mechanism of square copper pillar arrays with partially-modified surface[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(4): 1291-1301.

图/表 10

图1 实验系统、主加热器和紫铜方柱阵列试件

Fig.1 Experimental facility, main heater and copper square pillar array samples

图2 直方柱阵列和梯度方柱阵列结构尺寸

Fig.2 Size of straight square pillar array and gradient pillar array

图3 光面铜板镀银前后图像

Fig.3 Images of copper plate before and after silver deposition

图4 镀银前后紫铜表面形貌对比

Fig.4 Contrast of copper surface without and with silver deposition

图5 不镀银和镀银紫铜表面接触角

Fig.5 Contact angles of copper surfaces without and with silver deposition

图6 铜板镀银前后接触角随溶液浓度的变化曲线

Fig.6 Curves of surface contact angle of copper without and with silver deposition

图8 镀银对方柱阵列结构池沸腾换热性能的影响

Fig.8 Semi silver deposition effect on boiling heat transfer performance of square pillar array

图9 表面活性剂对气泡生成数量的影响

Fig.9 Surfactant effect on number of bubbles

图10 表面活性剂对不镀银/镀银方柱阵列池沸腾换热的影响

Fig.10 Surfactant effect on pool boiling heat transfer of square pillar arrays without and with silver deposition

图11 镀银梯度方柱阵列结构池沸腾曲线

Fig.11 Pool boiling curves of gradient square array with semi silver deposition

参考文献 36

1	Liang G , Mudawar I . Pool boiling critical heat flux (CHF)(1): Review of mechanisms, models, and correlations[J]. International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer, 2018, 117: 1352-1367.
2	Song G , Davies P A , Wen J , et al . Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer of SES36 fluid on nanoporous surfaces obtained by electrophoretic deposition of Al₂O₃ [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 141: 143-152.
3	Kim S H , Lee G C , Kang J Y , et al . A study of nucleate bubble growth on microstructured surface through high speed and infrared visualization[J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2017, 95: 12-21.
4	吴慧英, 吴信宇 . 水/乙醇混合工质在硅基微通道中的流动与换热[J]. 化工学报, 2008, 59(11): 2706-2712.
	Wu H Y , Wu X Y . Flow and heat transfer of water/ethanol mixed working fluid in silicon-based microchannels[J]. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering（China）, 2008, 59(11): 2706-2712.
5	Park S D , Lee S W , Kang S , et al . Effects of nanofluids containing graphene/graphene-oxide nanosheets on critical heat flux[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2010, 97(2): 718.
6	纪献兵, 徐进良 . 表面活性剂对池沸腾换热的影响[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2008, 29(12): 2049-2052.
	Ji X B , Xu J L . Effects of surfactants on pool boiling heat transfer [J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2008, 29(12): 2049-2052.
7	柴永志, 张伟, 李亚, 等 . 非均匀润湿性微通道表面池沸腾换热特性[J]. 化工学报, 2017, 68(5): 1852-1859.
	Chai Y Z , Zhang W , Li Y , et al . Surface pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of non-uniform wettability microchannels[J]. CIESC Journal, 2017, 68(5): 1852-1859.
8	Hendricks T J , Krishnan S , Choi C , et al . Enhancement of pool-boiling heat transfer using nanostructured surfaces on aluminum and copper [J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2010, 53(15/16): 3357-3365.
9	钟达文, 孟继安, 李志信 . 朝下沟槽结构表面池沸腾换热[J]. 化工学报, 2016, 67(9): 3559-3565.
	Zhong D W , Meng J A , Li Z X . Boiling heat transfer in the surface of a trench structure[J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(9): 3559-3565.
10	薛淑文, 李雨晴, 肖卓楠, 等 . 水基 SiO₂ 纳米流体沸腾换热特性[J]. 化工学报, 2017, 68(11): 4147-4153.
	Xue S W , Li Y Q , Xiao Z N , et al . Boiling heat transfer characteristics of water-based SiO₂ nanofluids[J]. CIESC Journal, 2017, 68(11): 4147-4153.
11	Ciloglu D , Bolukbasi A . A comprehensive review on pool boiling of nanofluids[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015, 84: 45-63.
12	Fang X , Wang R , Chen W , et al . A review of flow boiling heat transfer of nanofluids[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015, 91: 1003-1017.
13	Wu J M , Zhao J . A review of nanofluid heat transfer and critical heat flux enhancement—research gap to engineering application[J]. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 2013, 66: 13-24.
14	徐立, 赖喜锐, 王斌, 等 . 脉冲加热下微加热器在 Al₂O₃纳米流体中的沸腾换热[J]. 化工学报, 2011, 62(3): 678-684.
	Xu L , Lai X R , Wang B , et al . Boiling heat transfer of micro-heaters in Al₂O₃ nanofluids under pulse heating [J]. CIESC Journal, 2011, 62(3): 678-684.
15	Manetti L L , Stephen M T , Beck P A , et al . Evaluation of the heat transfer enhancement during pool boiling using low concentrations of Al₂O₃ -water based nanofluid[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2017 , 87: 191-200.
16	Karimzadehkhouei M , Shojaeian M , Şendur K , et al . The effect of nanoparticle type and nanoparticle mass fraction on heat transfer enhancement in pool boiling[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017, 109: 157-166.
17	Özbey A , Karimzadehkhouei M , Sefiane K , et al . Changing bubble dynamics in subcooled boiling with TiO₂, nanoparticles on a platinum wire[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2017, 242: 456-470.
18	程立新, 陈听宽 . 沸腾传热强化技术及方法[J]. 化工装备技术, 1999, 20(1): 30-34.
	Cheng L X , Chen T K . Boiling heat transfer enhancement technology and method[J]. Chemical Industry Equipment Technology, 1999, 20(1): 30-34.
19	陈宏霞, 黄林滨, 宫逸飞 . 多孔结构及表面浸润性对池沸腾传热影响的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2017, 36(8): 2798-2808.
	Chen H X , Huang L B , Gong Y F . Research progress on the effect of porous structure and surface wettability on pool boiling heat transfer[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(8): 2798-2808.
20	Hsu C C , Lee M R , Wu C H , et al . Effect of interlaced wettability on horizontal copper cylinders in nucleate pool boiling[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 112: 1187-1194.
21	Betz A R , Xu J , Qiu H , et al . Do surfaces with mixed hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas enhance pool boiling[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2010, 97(14): 141909.
22	孔新, 魏进家, 张永海 . 亲疏水表面换热性能及其沸腾现象的微细化研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2018, 39(6): 1373-1378.
	Kong X , Wei J J , Zhang Y H . Study on surface heat transfer performance of hydrophobic surface and micronization of boiling phenomenon[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2018, 39(6): 1373-1378.
23	Forrest E , Williamson E , Buongiorno J , et al . Augmentation of nucleate boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux using nanoparticle thin-film coatings[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2010, 53(1/2/3): 58-67.
24	Rioux R P , Nolan E C , Li C H . A systematic study of pool boiling heat transfer on structured porous surfaces: from nanoscale through microscale to macroscale[J]. AIP Advances, 2014, 4(11): 117133.
25	Chu K H , Soo J Y , Enright R , et al . Hierarchically structured surfaces for boiling critical heat flux enhancement[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2013, 102(15): 151602.
26	张伟, 牛志愿, 李亚, 等 . 石墨烯/镍复合微结构表面的池沸腾传热特性[J]. 化工进展, 2018, 37(10): 3759-3765.
	Zhang W , Niu Z Y , Li Y , et al . Pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of graphene/nickel composite microstructures[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37(10): 3759-3765.
27	Shin S , Seok Kim B , Choi G , et al . Double-templated electrodeposition: simple fabrication of micro-nano hybrid structure by electrodeposition for efficient boiling heat transfer[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2012, 101(25): 251909.
28	Kim D E , Park S C , Yu D I , et al . Enhanced critical heat flux by capillary driven liquid flow on the well-designed surface[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2015, 107(2): 023903.
29	Zou A , Maroo S C . Critical height of micro/nano structures for pool boiling heat transfer enhancement[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2013, 103(22): 221602.
30	魏进家, 张永海 . 柱状微结构表面强化沸腾换热研究综述[J]. 化工学报, 2016, 67(1): 97-108.
	Wei J J , Zhang Y H . Review of surface enhanced boiling heat transfer on columnar microstructures[J]. CIESC Journal, 2016, 67(1): 97-108.
31	Lu M C , Huang C H , Huang C T , et al . A modified hydrodynamic model for pool boiling CHF considering the effects of heater size and nucleation site density[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2015, 91: 133-141.
32	郭兆阳, 徐鹏, 王元华, 等 . 烧结型多孔表面管外池沸腾传热特性[J]. 化工学报, 2012, 63(12): 3798-3804.
	Guo Z Y , Xu P , Wang Y H , et al . Boiling heat transfer characteristics of sintered porous surface tube outside the tube[J]. CIESC Journal, 2012, 63(12): 3798-3804.
33	Xu Z G , Zhao C Y . Enhanced boiling heat transfer by gradient porous metals in saturated pure water and surfactant solutions[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 100: 68-77.
34	Lee C Y , Bhuiya M M H , Kim K J . Pool boiling heat transfer with nano-porous surface[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2010, 53(19/20): 4274-4279.
35	Kong X , Zhang Y , Wei J . Experimental study of pool boiling heat transfer on novel bistructured surfaces based on micro-pin-finned structure[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2018, 91: 9-19.
36	杨世铭, 陶文铨 . 传热学 [M]. 4版.北京: 高等教育出版社, 2006: 398-399.
	Yang S M , Tao W Q . Heat Transfer [M].4th ed. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2006: 398-399.

[1]	赵佳佳, 田世祥, 李鹏, 谢洪高. SiO₂-H₂O纳米流体强化煤尘润湿性的微观机理研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3931-3945.
[2]	杨欣, 彭啸, 薛凯茹, 苏梦威, 吴燕. 分子印迹-TiO₂光电催化降解增溶PHE废水性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3564-3571.
[3]	王海, 林宏, 王晨, 许浩洁, 左磊, 王军锋. 高压静电场强化多孔介质表面沸腾传热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 2869-2879.
[4]	徐文超, 孙志高, 李翠敏, 李娟, 黄海峰. 静态条件下表面活性剂E-1310对HCFC-141b水合物生成的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(5): 2179-2185.
[5]	葛运通, 王玮, 李楷, 肖帆, 于志鹏, 宫敬. 多相分散体系中微油滴与改性二氧化硅表面间作用力的AFM研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(4): 1651-1659.
[6]	陈建勋, 刘金平, 许雄文, 余银豪. 一种新型环路重力热管的数值模拟和性能优化[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(2): 721-734.
[7]	廖艺, 牛亚宾, 潘艳秋, 俞路. 复配表面活性剂对油水界面行为和性质影响的模拟研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(9): 4003-4014.
[8]	苏晓辉, 张弛, 徐志锋, 金辉, 王治国. 黏弹性表面活性剂溶液中颗粒沉降特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(5): 1974-1985.
[9]	常楚鑫, 徐黎婷, 殷嘉伦, 雒先, 贾洪伟. 浸没状态下的低压电润湿行为研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(4): 1673-1682.
[10]	徐一鸣, 袁华, 刘素丽, 李平, 严佩蓉, 赵曦, 卢俊华, 赵唯, 张学兰. 微通道反应器中工业混合直链烷基苯磺酸盐的连续合成工艺研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(3): 1184-1193.
[11]	张瑾渊, 徐娜, 贺文云, 吕耀东, 刘子璐, 张兴芳. 消防用PEO/OTAC/NaSal减阻体系的介观分子动力学分析[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(3): 1157-1165.
[12]	杨振, 姚元鹏, 李昀, 吴慧英. 表面活性剂对水过冷池沸腾特性影响实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(3): 1093-1101.
[13]	刘成治, 李春曦, 周静宜, 叶学民. 溶质Marangoni效应对降膜流动稳定性的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(12): 5405-5413.
[14]	张兰河, 汪露, 李梓萌, 唐宏, 郭静波, 贾艳萍, 张明爽. 电极超滤膜生物反应器处理阴离子表面活性剂废水[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(10): 4679-4691.
[15]	侯晓松, 刘晨星, 任爱玲, 郭斌, 郭渊明. 超声雾化/表面活性剂强化吸收耦合生物洗涤净化甲苯废气[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(10): 4692-4706.