表面活性剂对水过冷池沸腾特性影响实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20211168

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以Tween20、Span20及两者复配物为表面活性剂，实验研究了其对水过冷池沸腾传热特性影响。基于实验结果与表面张力、接触角、临界胶束浓度等基础物性分析发现，单一表面活性剂对沸腾传热的影响由其添加种类、浓度及热通量共同决定。一方面，不同于饱和沸腾情形，过冷状态下Tween20能够有效降低沸腾起始点温度与壁面过热度，但其沸腾强化效果在高热通量下减弱；另一方面，Span20只在低浓度下表现出强化效果，其浓度增大将引起壁面过热度大幅攀升。此外，尽管Tween20与Span20都具有强化沸腾传热的潜力，但两者复配表面活性剂在实验研究浓度范围内均恶化了沸腾传热过程。研究结果可为传热强化复合工质过冷池沸腾传热特性分析提供基础依据，并为其配制提供指导。

关键词: 沸腾传热, 相变, 表面活性剂, 复配, 界面张力, 临界胶束浓度

Abstract:

The effects of Tween20, Span20 and their composite surfactants on the subcooled pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of pure water are studied. Based on the experimental results and the analysis of basic physical properties such as surface tension, contact angle and critical micelle concentration, it is found that the effect of an identical surfactant on boiling heat transfer is determined by its addition type, concentration and heat flux. On one hand, different from saturated boiling, Tween20 added in water can effectively reduce the temperature of onset of nucleate boiling and wall superheat under subcooling condition, but this boiling heat transfer strengthening effect is weakened at high heat flux conditions. On the other hand, Span20 in water only shows the boiling strengthening effect when its concentration is low, and the increase of Span20 concentration will lead to a large increase of wall superheat. Moreover, although both Tween20 and Span20 have the potential to enhance boiling heat transfer, the composite of Tween20 and Span20 surfactants deteriorates heat transfer in the concentration range tested in present experiment. The above research results can provide a basic basis for the analysis of the subcooled pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of the heat transfer-enhanced composite working fluid and provide guidance for its preparation.

Key words: boiling heat transfer, phase change, surfactant, composite, interfacial tension, critical micelle concentration

中图分类号:

TK 124

杨振, 姚元鹏, 李昀, 吴慧英. 表面活性剂对水过冷池沸腾特性影响实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(3): 1093-1101.

Zhen YANG, Yuanpeng YAO, Yun LI, Huiying WU. Experimental study on effect of surfactants on subcooled pool boiling characteristics of pure water working medium[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(3): 1093-1101.

图/表 13

图1 实验装置示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the experimental set-up

图2 加热部件结构示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the heating part

表1 实验参数不确定度

Table 1 Uncertainties of experimental parameters

热通量/(W·cm^-2)	E_q /%	E_T_w/%	E_h /%
34.4	5.93	0.107	5.98
180.9	3.13	0.188	3.35

图3 水饱和池沸腾曲线与关联式[18-19]及文献报道实验数据[20-22]的对比

Fig.3 Comparison of saturated pool boiling curves of water between correlations[18-19] and experimental data[20-22] reported in literatures

图4 Tween20对水过冷池沸腾的影响

Fig.4 Effects of Tween20 on subcooled pool boiling characteristics of water

图5 Tween20对水饱和池沸腾的影响

Fig.5 Effects of Tween20 on saturated pool boiling characteristics of water

表2 Tween20对ONB的影响

Table 2 Effects of Tween20 on ONB

浓度/(ml·L^-1)	ONB/℃
0	111.9
0.05	110.6
0.5	108.4
1	108.2

图6 Tween20对表面张力与壁面接触角的影响

Fig.6 Effects of Tween20 on surface tension and contact angle

图7 高热通量下沸腾表面温度波动现象

Fig.7 Temperature fluctuations of boiling surface under high heat flux

图8 Span20对水过冷池沸腾的影响

Fig.8 Effects of Span20 on subcooled pool boiling characteristics of water

图9 Tween20-Span20对水过冷池沸腾的影响

Fig.9 Effects of Tween20-Span20 on subcooled pool boiling characteristics of water

图10 表面活性剂作用下的气泡形貌（q=69 W·cm-2）

Fig.10 Images of bubble morphology affected by surfactants (q=69 W·cm-2)

图11 Span20和Tween20-Span20作用下的气泡演化过程（q=69 W·cm-2）

Fig.11 Evolutions of bubbles affected by Span20 and Tween20-Span20 (q=69 W·cm-2)

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