使用NH3-LiNO3工质对的增压型回热吸收循环性能分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201505

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来，日益增长的暖通空调系统能耗已接近50%的建筑能源消费量。吸收式循环可使用太阳能热能、工业废热等低品位能源产生制冷效果，进而降低夏季制冷负荷对高品味电能的大量需求。当前常用于吸收制冷循环的LiBr-H₂O工质对虽然COP较高，但由于物性限制了其蒸发温度范围以及存在较高的结晶风险，使得系统小型风冷设计存在限制。氨水工质对具有较宽的制冷温区，但由于需要精馏以提高氨气浓度造成COP较低。NH₃-LiNO₃工质对无须增设精馏器，结晶温度远高于LiBr-H₂O，且氨气压力较高适合在耦合压缩机循环以提升循环性能，扩宽运行温区。因此，本研究提出压缩机辅助的增压型回热吸收循环使用NH₃-LiNO₃工质对，并对其进行热力分析，研究压缩机的引入对循环性能的改进作用。结果显示，压缩机辅助作用下循环驱动温度下降至34℃，蒸发温度亦可降低至-34℃，且循环倍率降低了52.16%，更适于小型风冷设计。

关键词: NH₃-LiNO₃, 增压, 性能分析, 吸收, 数值分析, 压缩机

Abstract:

Recently, the extensive use of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems contribute 50% of building consumption, which causes the rapid growth of building consumption. Absorption cycle, which uses low grade energy likes solar heat energy and industrial heat to generate cooling effect, could lower the large amount of high grade electric power for cooling demand in summer. The most common working pair used in absorption chiller, i.e. LiBr-H₂O, owes the highest COP but has narrow evaporation temperature range and high crystallization risk, making the limitation for miniaturization and air-cooled design. Although the NH₃-H₂O can operate in wide range of evaporation temperature, the rectifier is indispensable for increasing the concentration of ammonia gas, that is disadvantageous to performance. The new working pair NH₃-LiNO₃has a crystallization temperature which is much higher than that of LiBr-H₂O. And the chiller uses it as working medium operates without rectifier. In addition, the high pressure of ammonia gas makes the cycle using it is more suitable to coupled with compressor for performance improvement and operation temperature widening. Therefore, the performance analysis of absorption heat recovering cycle with high-pressure booster using NH₃-LiNO₃ as the working pair was carried out in this paper, to deeply research the improvement effect of the compressor introduction. As shown in results, with the assist of compressor, the driven temperature of the new cycle can decline to 34℃, and the evaporation temperature decreases to -34℃ as well. Furthermore, the circulating ratio reduced by 52.16%, which means the adaptability for miniaturization and air-cooled design.

Key words: NH₃-LiNO₃, pressure booster, performance analysis, absorption, numerical analysis, compressor

中图分类号:

TK 519

陈尔健, 代彦军. 使用NH₃-LiNO₃工质对的增压型回热吸收循环性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(S1): 445-452.

CHEN Erjian, DAI Yanjun. Performance analysis of absorption heat recovering cycle with high-pressure booster using NH₃-LiNO₃ as the working pair[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(S1): 445-452.

图/表 14

图1 增压型回热吸收循环结构

Fig.1 Diagram of absorption heat recovering cycle with high-pressure booster

图2 单效工况下的模型验证结果

Fig.2 Results of model validation under single effect working condition

表1 循环工作参数范围

Table 1 Range of operating parameters

参数	数值
发生温度（8）/℃	34~100
冷凝温度（2）/℃	28~44
吸收温度（5）/℃	28~44
蒸发温度（3）/℃	-34~40
压缩机压比（PR）	1、1.3、1.5、1.7、2

图3 发生温度与压比对COP的影响

Fig.3 Effects of generating temperature and pressure ratio on COP

图4 发生温度与压比对压缩机功耗的影响

Fig.4 Effects of generating temperature and pressure ratio on compressor power

图5 发生温度与压比对一次能源效率的影响

Fig.5 Effects of generating temperature and pressure ratio on PEE

图6 发生温度与压比对压缩机排气温度的影响

Fig.6 Effects of generating temperature and pressure ratio on discharge temperature

图7 发生温度与压比对循环倍率的影响

Fig.7 Effects of generating temperature and pressure ratio on circulating ratio

图8 蒸发温度与压比对COP的影响

Fig.8 Effects of evaporating temperature and pressure ratio on COP

图9 蒸发温度与压比对压缩机功耗的影响

Fig.9 Effects of evaporating temperature and pressure ratio on compressor power

图10 蒸发温度与压比对一次能源效率的影响

Fig.10 Effects of evaporating temperature and pressure ratio on PEE

图11 冷却温度与压比对COP的影响

Fig.11 Effects of cooling temperature and pressure ratio on COP

图12 冷却温度与压比对压缩机功耗的影响

Fig.12 Effects of cooling temperature and pressure ratio on compressor power

图13 冷却温度与压比对一次能源效率的影响

Fig.13 Effects of cooling temperature and pressure ratio on PEE

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使用NH₃-LiNO₃工质对的增压型回热吸收循环性能分析

Performance analysis of absorption heat recovering cycle with high-pressure booster using NH₃-LiNO₃ as the working pair

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