化工学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (S1): 512-519.doi: 10.11949/0438-1157.20201516

• 能源和环境工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

板式换热器及其热力系统的运行特性和高级分析

卢沛(),罗向龙(),陈健勇,杨智,梁颖宗,陈颖   

  1. 广东工业大学材料与能源学院，广东 广州 510006
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-29 修回日期:2021-01-22 出版日期:2021-06-20 发布日期:2021-06-20
  • 通讯作者: 罗向龙 E-mail:513113516@qq.com;lxl-dte@gdut.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:卢沛（1996—），男，硕士研究生，513113516@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(51876043)

Operating characteristics and advanced exergy analysis of plate heat exchangers and their thermal system

LU Pei(),LUO Xianglong(),CHEN Jianyong,YANG Zhi,LIANG Yingzong,CHEN Ying   

  1. Institute of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2020-10-29 Revised:2021-01-22 Published:2021-06-20 Online:2021-06-20
  • Contact: LUO Xianglong E-mail:513113516@qq.com;lxl-dte@gdut.edu.cn

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摘要：

针对不同换热设备组合之间以及换热设备在系统中的分布情况进行了研究，建立了高级分析模型，将换热设备与系统的损进一步分割成不可避免性部分和可避免性部分，计算相应的损失和效率，确定换热设备与系统中能量损失的主要部位，并在有机朗肯循环（organic Rankine cycle，ORC）系统试验台中进行验证，为换热设备及其热力系统的运行优化提供科学依据。结果表明，不同的换热面积对换热设备的能效有着非常大的影响，同时常规分析和高级分析提出了不同的系统优化次序。高级分析表明，蒸发器可避免损占蒸发器损的41.2%～60.0%，冷凝器可避免损占冷凝器总损最高可达91%～97%，整个ORC系统有52.5%～66.3%的损可以避免，有很大的改造潜力，且发现不合理设计的管道也会影响ORC系统性能。

关键词: 损失, 效率, 高级分析, 有机工质, 朗肯循环

Abstract:

The exergy distribution of different heat exchanger combinations and the heat exchanger in the thermal system were studied, and an advanced exergy analysis model was established to further divide the exergy destruction into unavoidable parts and avoidable parts. The main energy loss in the heat exchanger and thermal system were determined by the calculation of the corresponding exergy destruction and exergy efficiency. It was verified in the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system text rig, which provided a scientific basis for the optimization of the heat exchangers and thermal system operation. The results showed that different area of heat exchanger had a great impact on the energy efficiency of heat exchanger. And the traditional exergy analysis and the advanced exergy analysis provided different optimization sequences. The advanced exergy analysis showed that the avoidable exergy destruction in evaporator accounted for 41.2%—60.0% while the condenser could avoid 91%—97%. The ORC system had 52.5%—66.3% exergy destruction that could be avoided, which had great potential for optimization. In addition, it was found that unreasonable design of the pipeline would also affect the ORC system performance.

Key words: exergy destruction, exergy efficiency, advanced exergy analysis, organic working fluid, Rankine cycle

中图分类号: 

  • TK 121

图1

换热设备及其热力系统测试台"

表1

试验测试台的测量量、计算量以及不确定度"

参数型号范围误差
TPt-100（INOR-66RKS）-200~800℃±0.1℃
p压力传感器（PTX5072）0~3.5 MPa, 0~5 MPa±0.2%
mrCoriolis流量计（OPTIMASS 1330C）0~400 kg/h±1.0%
mv,h转子流量计（H250-RR-M40）0.400~4 m3/h±1.0%
mv,c电磁流量计（AXF025G）>0.060 m3/h±0.2%
Wexp测功仪（DW300KC）—±0.8%
Wpum功率监视器（8967B）—±1.0%
QevaQeva=f(h1, h6, mr)—±1.3%
WnetWnet=f(Wexp, Wpum)—±1.0%
ηthηth=f(Qeva, Wexp, Wpum)—±2.2%

图2

ORC系统T-H图"

表2

分析中的实际循环和不可避免循环"

系统部件参数实际循环不可避免损循环
工质泵pumηpum—0.95
管路p-e?pp-e0.006 MPa0.001 MPa
蒸发器eva?Teva1.416℃0.5℃
管路e-e?pe-e0.062 MPa0.001 MPa
膨胀机expηexp0.630.95
管路e-c?pe-c0.182 MPa0.001 MPa
冷凝器con?Tcon0.745℃0.5℃
管路c-p?pc-p0.014 MPa0.001 MPa

表3

热源130℃-冷源20℃的运行工况下不同换热器组合的分析"

换热器组合蒸发器冷凝器
εk/%?Dεk/%?D
蒸发器1-冷凝器166.783.17739.331.264
蒸发器1-冷凝器267.243.08338.171.224
蒸发器1-冷凝器366.373.18836.761.258
蒸发器2-冷凝器166.373.29238.021.290
蒸发器2-冷凝器266.033.27636.901.257
蒸发器2-冷凝器367.553.13535.711.304

表4

ORC系统的运行工况"

参数工况变化
有机工质R245fa
热源进口温度/℃120,130,140
冷源进口温度/℃15,20,25
热源流量/(L/h)1800
冷源流量/(L/h)1350
膨胀机转速/(r/min)1500
工质流量/(kg/s)0.14

表5

ORC系统的试验工况组别"

工况组别冷源进口温度/℃热源进口温度/℃
115120
225120
320130
415140
525140

表6

常规分析结果"

工况组别部件

效率/

%

损/

kW

ηth/%

系统

效率/%

实际不可避免
1蒸发器63.993.0294.4312.6519.22
冷凝器5.371.186
工质泵20.780.371
膨胀机65.590.896
2蒸发器67.952.6144.5511.2019.15
冷凝器55.950.850
工质泵20.170.378
膨胀机65.820.858
3蒸发器66.033.2764.5413.0218.60
冷凝器36.901.257
工质泵22.620.376
膨胀机65.600.988
4蒸发器62.944.1434.5414.8717.97
冷凝器14.221.710
工质泵23.470.377
膨胀机67.161.026
5蒸发器65.243.6964.7713.2417.77
冷凝器53.061.274
工质泵22.150.388
膨胀机68.510.909

图3

ORC系统各组件的高级分析"

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