三相卧螺离心机设计分析及结构参数对分离效果的影响

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201079

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

首先提出了用于油水砂分离的三相螺旋沉降式离心机两种结构模型。通过CFD数值计算发现，带有轴向管法兰的三相卧螺离心机结构模型存在一定的缺陷，即管法兰上有堵砂的情况出现且分离效率较低。通过改进设计，可调溢流挡板的三相卧螺离心机结构模型是可取的。该模型有较高的油相回收率，且固相也相对较干燥，适用于油水固三相分离。该模型还具有水与油砂分离、油水与砂分离或油与水砂分离等几种不同的排液方式。对此三相卧螺离心机加工制造，搭建实验平台，通过实验研究发现，此种结构的三相卧螺离心机对油相的分离效率较高，挡板圆弧中心到转鼓中心轴的距离对分离效率有着不同的影响。

关键词: 卧螺离心机, 三相分离, 离心分离, 多相流, 计算流体力学, 数值模拟, 分离效率

Abstract:

In this paper, two structural models of three-phase horizontal screw decanter centrifuge for oil-water sand separation are proposed first. Through CFD numerical calculation, it is found that the structure model of three-phase decanter centrifuge with axial pipe flanges for fluid discharging has certain defects that there is sand blocking in pipe flanges and lower separation efficiency. Through the improved design, the structure model with adjustable overflow baffles is available. The model has high oil recovery rate and relatively drier solid phase, which is suitable for oil-water solid separation. The model also has several different fluid discharging methods such as water and oil-sand separation, oil-water and sand separation, or oil and water-sand separation. The three-phase decanter centrifuge was processed and manufactured, and an experimental platform was built. Through experimental research, it is found that the three-phase decanter centrifuge with this structure has a higher separation efficiency for the oil phase, and the distance from the center of the baffle arc to the center axis of the drum has different effects on the separation efficiency.

Key words: decanter centrifuge, three phase separation, centrifugation, multiphase flow, computational fluid dynamics, numerical simulation, separation efficiency

中图分类号:

TG 231.4

朱明军, 胡大鹏. 三相卧螺离心机设计分析及结构参数对分离效果的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(4): 2113-2122.

ZHU Mingjun, HU Dapeng. Design analysis of three-phase decanter centrifuge and influence research of structural parameters on separation effect[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(4): 2113-2122.

图/表 15

图1 传统式三相卧螺离心机部分结构模型

Fig.1 Partial structural model of the traditional three-phase decanter centrifuge

图2 油相浓度分布及局部放大图

Fig.2 Oil phase concentration distribution and partial enlargement

图3 固相浓度分布及局部放大图

Fig.3 Solid phase concentration distribution and partial enlargement

图4 改进式三相卧螺离心机结构模型(a)及流域模型(b)

Fig.4 Structural diagram(a) and fluid region model(b) of the improved three-phase horizontal screw centrifuge

图5 改进式三相卧螺离心机网格划分[(a),(b)]及网格质量检查[(c)~(f)]

Fig.5 Three-dimensional model meshing [(a),(b)] and grid quality check [(c)—(f)] of the improved three-phase horizontal screw centrifuge

图6 油相体积分数分布云图

Fig.6 Cloud map of oil phase volume concentration distribution

图7 固相体积分数分布云图

Fig.7 Cloud map of solid phase volume concentration distribution

图8 调节溢流挡油板和阻油板时的大端法兰示意图

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of the large-end flange when the overflow oil baffles and the oil resistance plates were adjusted

图9 出水孔和出油孔互换时的大端法兰示意图

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of the large-end flange when the water and oil discharging outlets were exchanged

图10 油水与砂分离时的结构图

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the oil-water and sand separation

图11 水与油砂分离时的结构图

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the water and oil-sand separation

图12 油与水砂分离时的结构图

Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the oil and water-sand separation

图13 改进式三相卧螺离心机油水砂分离实验装置图

Fig.13 Diagram of experimental set-up of three-phase decanter centrifuge for oil-water-sand separation

图14 改进式三相卧螺离心机油水砂分离进料及出料实验结果

Fig.14 Experimental results of feeding and discharging of three-phase decanter centrifuge for oil-water-sand separation

图15 改变溢流挡油板对分离效率的影响

Fig.15 The effect of changing overflow oil baffle on separation efficiency

参考文献 34

1	Mellon N, Shariff A M. Performance assessment of an inline horizontal swirl tube cyclone for gas-liquid separation at high pressure[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry, 2011, 20(6): 565-567.
2	Seleznev V. Numerical simulation of a gas pipeline network using computational fluid dynamics simulators[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A, 2007, 8(5): 755-765.
3	Møller H B, Sommer S G, Ahring B K. Separation efficiency and particle size distribution in relation to manure type and storage conditions[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2002, 85(2): 189-196.
4	Huang J, Treeratpituk P, Taylor S M, et al. Enhancing cross document coreference of web documents with context similarity and very large scale text categorization[C]//COLING '10: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics. 2010: 483-491.
5	窦茂卫, 苏保卫, 高学理, 等. 油田采出水膜法处理技术应用研究进展[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2011, 34(8): 124-130.
	Dou M W, Su B W, Gao X L, et al. Progress in membrane technology for treatment of oilfield produced water[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011, 34(8): 124-130.
6	张逢玉, 姜安玺, 吕阳. 油田采出水处理技术与发展趋势研究[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2007, 32(10): 65-68, 80.
	Zhang F Y, Jiang A X, Lyu Y. Treatment techniques of oilfield wastewater and development[J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2007, 32(10): 65-68, 80.
7	张珂, 朱建华, 周勇, 等. 含油污泥的废油置换脱水特性[J]. 化工学报, 2013, 64(9): 3396-3403.
	Zhang K, Zhu J H, Zhou Y, et al. Fry-drying of oily sludge via spent lubricating oil of vehicle[J]. CIESC Journal, 2013, 64(9): 3396-3403.
8	Zhang H X, Zhai L S, Liu R Y, et al. Prediction of curved oil-water interface in horizontal pipes using modified model with dynamic contact angle[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2020, 28(3): 698-711.
9	Zhu G R, Tan W, Yu Y, et al. Experimental and numerical study of the solid concentration distribution in a horizontal screw decanter centrifuge[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2013, 52(48): 17249-17256.
10	Gong H F, Yu B, Zhang X M, et al. Structural optimization of a demulsification and dewatering device coupled with swirl centrifugal and high-voltage fields by response surface methodology combined with numerical simulation[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2019, 148: 361-374.
11	Leung W W F. Inferring in situ floc size, predicting solids recovery, and scaling-up using the Leung number in separating flocculated suspension in decanter centrifuges[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2016, 171: 69-79.
12	Lisboa P F, Fernandes J, Simões P C, et al. Computational-fluid-dynamics study of a Kenics static mixer as a heat exchanger for supercritical carbon dioxide[J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2010, 55(1): 107-115.
13	Safa R, Soltani Goharrizi A. CFD simulation of an industrial hydrocyclone with Eulerian-Eulerian approach: a case study[J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2014, 24(5): 643-648.
14	Bednarski S, Listewnik J. Separation of Liquid-Liquid Solids Mixtures in a Hydrocyclone-Coalescer System[M]. Springer, 1992.
15	Guerrini L, Masella P, Angeloni G, et al. Changes in olive paste composition during decanter feeding and effects on oil yield[J]. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2017, 119(12): 1700223.
16	He F Q, Wang H L, Tan Y H, et al. Predictive modeling of the performance of the hydrocyclone with different cone combination[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2012, 190/191: 147-150.
17	Leung W. Separation of dispersed suspension in rotating test tube[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2004, 38(2): 99-119.
18	Maddahian R, Asadi M, Farhanieh B. Numerical investigation of the velocity field and separation efficiency of deoiling hydrocyclones[J]. Petroleum Science, 2012, 9(4): 511-520.
19	王永虎, 黄建龙, 王玉娟. 螺旋输送器的结构建模与数值模拟分析[J]. 兰州理工大学学报, 2005, 31(5): 39-42.
	Wang Y H, Huang J L, Wang Y J. Structural modeling for screw conveyers and analysis of their numerical simulation[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology, 2005, 31(5): 39-42.
20	毛文贵. 离心机螺旋-转鼓组虚拟样机建模及仿真研究[D].长沙: 长沙理工大学, 2006.
	Mao W G. Research on modeling and simulation of virtual prototype of centrifuge screw-drum set [D]. Changsha: Changsha University of Science and Technology, 2006.
21	朱桂华, 任继良, 张玉柱, 等. 污泥脱水卧螺离心机最优差转速[J]. 机械设计与研究, 2012, 28(2): 109-112.
	Zhu G H, Ren J L, Zhang Y Z, et al. Optimization of the differential rotational speed in separator for the sludge dewatering[J]. Machine Design & Research, 2012, 28(2): 109-112.
22	郑胜飞, 任欣, 谢林君. 卧螺离心机流场的三维数值模拟[J]. 轻工机械, 2009, 27(6): 26-29.
	Zheng S F, Ren X, Xie L J. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of spiral centrifuge flow field[J]. Light Industry Machinery, 2009, 27(6): 26-29.
23	于萍, 林苇, 王晓彬, 等. 卧螺离心机离心分离场速度仿真分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2011, 47(24): 151-157.
	Yu P, Lin W, Wang X B, et al. Velocity simulation analysis on centrifugal separation field of horizontal spiral centrifuge[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2011, 47(24): 151-157.
24	钟伟良, 谭蔚, 李振威, 等. 基于流固耦合的大型卧螺离心机数值模拟及实验研究[J]. 化学工业与工程, 2018, 35(2): 62-69.
	Zhong W L, Tan W, Li Z W, et al. Numerical simulation and vibration test analysis of large-scale decanter centrifuge base on fluid-structure interaction[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering, 2018, 35(2): 62-69.
25	袁惠新. 螺旋卸料式碟片离心机: 101648168A [P]. 2010-02-17.
	Yuan H X. Spiral discharge disc centrifuge: 101648168A [P]. 2010-02-17.
26	Ohinata T. Decanter type centrifugal separator with restriction effected discharge: US6780148[P]. 2004-08-24.
27	姜杰, 温冬, 肖泽仪. 三相卧螺离心机油水分离的CFD分析[J]. 流体机械, 2017, 45(6): 26-31.
	Jiang J, Wen D, Xiao Z Y. CFD analysis for three-phase decanter centrifuge for oily wastewater separation[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2017, 45(6): 26-31.
28	Leone A, Romaniello R, Zagaria R, et al. Mathematical modelling of the performance parameters of a new decanter centrifuge generation[J]. Journal of Food Engineering, 2015, 166: 10-20.
29	程华农, 刘群山, 王炳强, 等. 聚碳酸酯液液分离器的流体力学模拟和中试试验[J]. 化工学报, 2013, 64(6): 2109-2116.
	Cheng H N, Liu Q S, Wang B Q, et al. Fluid dynamics simulation and pilot test for polycarbonate liquid-liquid separator[J]. CIESC Journal, 2013, 64(6): 2109-2116.
30	李强. 三相离心机在餐厨垃圾分离行业中的应用[J]. 过滤与分离, 2017, 27(3): 34-36, 48.
	Li Q. Application of three phase centrifuge in kitchen waste separation industry[J]. Journal of Filtration & Separation, 2017, 27(3): 34-36, 48.
31	Wang L Y, Zheng Z C, Wu Y X, et al. Numerical and experimental study on liquid-solid flow in a hydrocyclone[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, Ser. B, 2009, 21(3): 408-414.
32	Liu M L, Chen J Q, Cai X L, et al. Oil-water pre-separation with a novel axial hydrocyclone[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2018, 26(1): 60-66.
33	徐保蕊, 蒋明虎, 赵立新, 等. 螺旋分离器水流动特性的CFD模拟与PIV试验[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39(2): 223-231.
	Xu B R, Jiang M H, Zhao L X, et al. CFD simulation and PIV test of water flow characteristics in helix separator[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2018, 39(2): 223-231.
34	孙启才, 金鼎五. 离心机原理结构与设计计算[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1987.
	Sun Q C, Jin D W. Centrifuge Principle Structure and Design Calculation [M]. Beijing: Machinery Industry Press, 1987.

[1]	宋嘉豪, 王文. 斯特林发动机与高温热管耦合运行特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 287-294.
[2]	张思雨, 殷勇高, 贾鹏琦, 叶威. 双U型地埋管群跨季节蓄热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 295-301.
[3]	肖明堃, 杨光, 黄永华, 吴静怡. 浸没孔液氧气泡动力学数值研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 87-95.
[4]	宋瑞涛, 王派, 王云鹏, 李敏霞, 党超镔, 陈振国, 童欢, 周佳琦. 二氧化碳直接蒸发冰场排管内流动沸腾换热数值模拟分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 96-103.
[5]	叶展羽, 山訸, 徐震原. 用于太阳能蒸发的折纸式蒸发器性能仿真[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 132-140.
[6]	张义飞, 刘舫辰, 张双星, 杜文静. 超临界二氧化碳用印刷电路板式换热器性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 183-190.
[7]	王志国, 薛孟, 董芋双, 张田震, 秦晓凯, 韩强. 基于裂隙粗糙性表征方法的地热岩体热流耦合数值模拟与分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 223-234.
[8]	何松, 刘乔迈, 谢广烁, 王斯民, 肖娟. 高浓度水煤浆管道气膜减阻两相流模拟及代理辅助优化[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3766-3774.
[9]	温凯杰, 郭力, 夏诏杰, 陈建华. 一种耦合CFD与深度学习的气固快速模拟方法[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3775-3785.
[10]	程小松, 殷勇高, 车春文. 不同工质在溶液除湿真空再生系统中的性能对比[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3494-3501.
[11]	刘文竹, 云和明, 王宝雪, 胡明哲, 仲崇龙. 基于场协同和耗散的微通道拓扑优化研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3329-3341.
[12]	洪瑞, 袁宝强, 杜文静. 垂直上升管内超临界二氧化碳传热恶化机理分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3309-3319.
[13]	岳林静, 廖艺涵, 薛源, 李雪洁, 李玉星, 刘翠伟. 凹坑缺陷对厚孔板喉部空化流动特性影响研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3292-3308.
[14]	韩晨, 司徒友珉, 朱斌, 许建良, 郭晓镭, 刘海峰. 协同处理废液的多喷嘴粉煤气化炉内反应流动研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3266-3278.
[15]	杨越, 张丹, 郑巨淦, 涂茂萍, 杨庆忠. NaCl水溶液喷射闪蒸-掺混蒸发的实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3279-3291.