图1 基于稳定的高内相乳液模板合成多孔聚合物polyHIPE[12]：用于形成HIPE的稳定剂(a)； HIPE的乳化方式(b)； polyHIPE制备过程示意及其连通多孔结构(c)

Fig.1 Synthesis of polyHIPE from stable HIPE templating[12]: HIPE stabilizers (a); emulsification method of HIPE (b); schematic representation for the preparation of polyHIPE and its interconnected porous structure (c)

图2 Pluronic三嵌段共聚物：左侧为聚合物的分子结构，右侧为Pluronic 网格(不同颜色代表共聚物在环境条件下的物理状态: 绿色代表液态，红色代表膏状，橘色代表片状)[25-26]

Fig.2 Pluronic triblock copolymer: molecular structure of the copolymer (left) and the pluronic grid (right; colour code: physical state of copolymers under ambient conditions, green — liquid, red — paste, orange — flake) [25-26]

图3 BCP基polyHIPE的制备及其对亲/疏水溶剂的吸收性能[35]: 反应型BCP在O/W乳液中合成polyHIPE的路线(a)；所制备材料的典型多孔结构(SEM图)(b)；溶剂溶胀前后样品的对比(c)

Fig.3 Preparation of BCP-based polyHIPEs and their amphiphilic uptakes[35]: a scheme illustrating the synthesis of polyHIPE through the polymerization of a reactive BCP in an O/W emulsion (a); typical porous structure (SEM) (b); comparison of dry polyHIPE sample with samples that underwent equilibrium swelling in a liquid (c)

图4 BCP基polyHIPE的表面功能化机理[41]：由BCP稳定的HIPE的光学显微镜照片(a)；聚合后形成的polyHIPE的SEM图(b)；相比于低分子量表面活性剂，基于两嵌段共聚物制备的polyHIPE可通过物理或化学缠结实现表面功能化(c)

Fig.4 Mechanism of di-block copolymer based polyHIPE surface functionalization[41]: optical micrograph of HIPE (a); SEM image of polyHIPE (b); HIPEs stabilized by di-block copolymers as surfactants can be surface functionalized through physical or chemical entanglement compared to low molecular weight surfactants (c)

图5 星形稳定剂在油水界面的构象及所制备polyHIPE的SEM图[50]

Fig.5 Structure of star polymer, its stabilizing mechanism at oil-water interface and the as-prepared polyHIPE[50]

图6 polyHIPE吸附剂对阴离子OII和RB-19染料的吸附机理示意图[31]

Fig.6 The proposed adsorption mechanism for the anionic OII and RB-19 dyes using polyHIPE as adsorbent[31]

图7 孔连通性(开孔结构)对支架材料设计的重要性[54]：支架材料植入缺损位置示意图(a)；不同连通孔道结构的支架材料对于组织/细胞生长的影响(b)；组织生长渗透的PCL-polyHIPE支架材料扫描电镜图(c)

Fig.7 Significance of the interconnectivity on scaffold design[54]: scaffolds that are implanted to the defect site (a); difference of cell penetration in the scaffold with low and interconnectivity (b); SEM image of the PCL-polyHIPE that shows tissue infiltration through the interconnected pores of the scaffold (c)

图8 可拉伸电池与多孔聚合物隔膜[74]

Fig.8 Stretchable battery with polyHIPE separator[74]

图9 大孔聚离子液体基酯交换与脱羧反应块体催化剂[75]

Fig.9 Macroporous poly(ionic liquid) monolith catalysts for transesterification and decarboxylation[75]