地下水人工补给过程中流速对多孔介质胶体堵塞的影响机理

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20210034

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过一系列室内砂柱模拟实验，研究了流速对胶体在饱和多孔介质中滞留-迁移行为的影响；运用COMSOL软件模拟，拟合实验数据后得到表征胶体沉积的关键参数。结果表明：流速增大缩短了胶体在多孔介质中的滞留时间，并增强水动力拖拽力，导致介质对胶体的吸附量减少，有利于胶体的迁移；回灌时间的延续造成的多孔介质渗透系数降低，可通过瞬间增大流速使渗透系数在较短时间内恢复，然而随后形成新的吸附渗透性仍会降低。水源离子强度、介质粗糙度等因素会影响胶体迁移的流速效应。在相同条件下，吸附系数随着离子强度的增大而增加，随着流速的增大而增加。综合来看，离子强度的增加可抵消一部分水动力拖拽力的影响，提高胶体在多孔介质中滞留的概率；介质表面粗糙度的增加，可削弱水动力拖拽力作用，同时增加胶体与介质的吸附、沉积点位和接触面积，导致胶体易于在多孔介质中发生滞留并可能进一步导致介质堵塞。

关键词: 地下水人工补给, 胶体, 多孔介质, 堵塞, 数值模拟

Abstract:

Through a series of indoor sand column simulation experiments, the effect of flow velocity on the retention-migration behavior of colloids in saturated porous media was studied. The COMSOL software was used to simulate and fit the experimental data to obtain the key parameters that characterize colloid deposition. The experimental results show that the increase of the flow rate shortens the residence time of the colloid in the porous medium, and enhances the hydrodynamic drag force, resulting in a decrease in the adsorption capacity of the medium to the colloid, which is beneficial to the migration of the colloid. The continuation of the recharge time causes the permeability coefficient of porous media to decrease, and the permeability coefficient can be restored in a short time by increasing the flow velocity instantaneously. However, the permeability of the subsequent formation of new adsorption will still decrease. Factors such as water source ionic strength and medium roughness will affect the flow rate effect of colloid migration. The simulation results show that under the same conditions, the adsorption coefficient increases with the increase of ionic strength and increases with the increase of flow rate. On the whole, the increase in ionic strength can offset part of the influence of hydrodynamic drag and increase the probability of colloid retention in porous media. From glass beads to quartz sand, the increase in the surface roughness of the medium can also weaken the hydrodynamic drag. At the same time, the drag force increases the adsorption, deposition point and contact area of the colloid and the medium, which causes the colloid to easily stagnate in the porous medium and may further cause the medium to block.

Key words: artificial recharge of groundwater, colloid, porous media, blockade, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

P 641.25

冶雪艳, 李铮, 罗冉, 宋亚霖, 崔瑞娟. 地下水人工补给过程中流速对多孔介质胶体堵塞的影响机理[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(11): 5520-5532.

Xueyan YE, Zheng LI, Ran LUO, Yalin SONG, Ruijuan CUI. Mechanism of influence of flow velocity on colloid blockage in porous media during artificial groundwater recharge[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(11): 5520-5532.

图/表 19

图1 实验装置示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of experimental setup

图2 河砂和玻璃珠粒度分析结果

Fig.2 Particle size analysis of river sand and glass beads

表1 入渗介质粒径分布特征值

Table 1 Characteristic value of particle size distribution of infiltration medium

介质	D₁₀ /μm	D₃₀ /μm	D₅₀/μm	D₆₀/μm	C_c	C_u
河砂	103.2	195.5	254.6	290.2	1.3	2.8
玻璃珠	168.7	208.3	250.1	262.5	1.0	1.6

图3 河砂和玻璃珠原子力显微镜图

Fig.3 Atomic force microscope images of river sand and glass beads

表2 实验方案

Table 2 List of experimental schemes

编号	介质	L_柱/ cm	D₅₀/μm	d₅₀/μm	IS/ (mmol/L)	U/(m/d)
编号	介质	L_柱/ cm	D₅₀/μm	d₅₀/μm	IS/ (mmol/L)	阶段Ⅰ	阶段Ⅱ	阶段Ⅲ
E1	河砂	16	254	2	30	5	5	50	100
E2	玻璃珠	16	250	2	0	5	5	50	100
E3	河砂	16	254	2	0	5	5	50	100
E4	河砂	16	254	2	30	50	50	100	150
E5	玻璃珠	16	250	2	30	50	50	100	150

图4 用于数值建模的概念模型

Fig.4 The conceptual model used for numerical modeling

图5 穿透曲线模拟结果

Fig.5 Penetration curve simulation results

图6 沉积曲线模拟结果

Fig.6 Deposition curve simulation results

表3 COMSOL模拟不同条件下胶体吸附解吸参数

Table 3 COMSOL simulation of colloid adsorption and desorption parameters under different conditions

实验编号	IS/(mmol/L)	U/(m/d)	渗透介质	α/s^-1	β/s^-1
E1	30	5	河砂	1.6×10^-3	1.01×10^-5
E2	0	5	玻璃珠	3.6×10^-5	1.3×10^-7
E3	0	5	河砂	7.2×10^-5	4.5×10^-7
E4	30	50	河砂	5.9×10^-3	2.5×10^-4
E5	30	50	玻璃珠	6.7×10^-3	5.2×10^-4

图7 不同流速的穿透曲线

Fig.7 Penetration curves with different flow rates

图8 不同离子强度的穿透曲线

Fig.8 Penetration curves of different ionic strengths

图9 不同介质粗糙度的穿透曲线

Fig.9 Penetration curves with different media roughness

图10 不同流速条件下胶体空间沉积分布曲线

Fig.10 Distribution curves of colloidal spatial deposition under different flow rates

图11 不同离子强度条件下胶体空间沉积分布曲线

Fig.11 Distribution curves of colloidal spatial deposition under different ionic strength conditions

图12 不同介质粗糙度条件下胶体空间沉积分布曲线

Fig.12 Distribution curves of colloidal space deposition under different medium roughness conditions

图13 不同流速条件下胶体在固相收集器表面所受水动力力矩

Fig.13 Hydrodynamic moment of colloid on the surface of solid collector under different flow rates

图14 回灌阶段Ⅰ、Ⅱ砂柱渗透系数变化曲线

Fig.14 Variation curves of permeability coefficient of sand column in recharge stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ

图15 冲柱阶段砂柱渗透系数变化曲线

Fig.15 Variation curves of permeability coefficient of sand column during punching stage

图16 不同实验条件下的冲柱阶段穿透曲线

Fig.16 Penetration curves of punching stage under different experimental conditions

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