同轴四通道喷嘴气流式雾化特性影响因素研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20211350

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

提出一种新型同轴四通道喷嘴——由内到外采用气-液-气-液设置，最外环液体可以将合成气和氧气隔离，大幅降低喷嘴出口温度，可望延长气化炉中喷嘴使用寿命。为研究喷嘴雾化效果的影响因素，以水和空气为介质，利用马尔文激光粒度分析仪对同轴四通道喷嘴的气流式雾化液滴索特平均直径进行实验研究。发现对雾化效果影响程度从大到小依次为通道三、通道四、通道二和通道一；增大通道二、四液量分配比可以降低雾化粒径；增大外环液膜厚度会增大雾化粒径；通道一、三气量分配比对雾化颗粒的影响是非单调性的，雾化粒径先增大后减小。基于实验结果进行数值分析，拟合获得了同轴四通道喷嘴雾化液滴粒径关系式。

关键词: 同轴四通道喷嘴, 多相流, 雾化, 流体动力学, 数值分析

Abstract:

A new proposed coaxial four-channel nozzle with a gas-liquid-gas-liquid arrangement from the center towards the wall is investigated. The liquid stream in the outer channel can isolates the syngas and oxygen in operation; the outlet temperature of the nozzle is consequentially lowered, and then its service life in gasifier is increased. Water-air system is used as the experimental medium, and the influencing factors of the nozzle on the air-blast atomization are studied by analyzing the Sauter mean diameter D₃₂with the Malvern laser particle size analyzer. The sequence of the influences on atomization from high to low is channel 3, channel 4, channel 2 and channel 1. The atomized droplet size reduces with an increasing liquid volume distribution ratio of channel 2 to channel 4 while increases with the increasing of the outermost liquid film thickness. The effect of the gas distribution ratio of channel 1 to channel 3 on the atomized droplets is non-monotonic, i.e. the droplet size increases first and then decreases. In addition, an empirical formula for estimating the droplet size of the coaxial four-channel nozzle was obtained based on the numerical analysis of experimental results.

Key words: coaxial four-channel nozzle, multiphase flow, atomization, hydrodynamics, numerical analysis

中图分类号:

O 359⁺.1

徐祖良, 汪宇昊, 赵辉, 周骛, 蔡小舒, 刘海峰. 同轴四通道喷嘴气流式雾化特性影响因素研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(2): 604-611.

Zuliang XU, Yuhao WANG, Hui ZHAO, Wu ZHOU, Xiaoshu CAI, Haifeng LIU. Study on air-blast atomization characteristics influencing factors of a proposed coaxial four-channel nozzle[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(2): 604-611.

图/表 11

图1 同轴四通道射流喷嘴

Fig.1 Coaxial four-channel jet nozzle

表1 同轴四通道喷嘴尺寸

Table 1 The size of coaxial four-channel nozzle

D₁/mm	D_2i/mm	D_2o/mm	D_3i/mm	D_3o/mm	D_4i/mm	D_4o/mm
4.13	10.12	13.80	19.94	24.00	30.00	32.00
						33.00
						33.84

图2 雾化实验流程1—罗茨鼓风机;2—转子流量计;3—水泵;4—储水箱;5—抽气装置;6—气液分离器;7—激光发射器;8—喷嘴;9—雾化室;10—信号接收器;11—信号处理器

Fig.2 Atomization experiment process

表2 实验条件

Table 2 Summary of the test conditions

u_1g/(m/s)	u_2l/(m/s)	u_3g/(m/s)	u_4l/(m/s)
0~103.68	0~0.40	89.21~118.95	0~0.29

图3 不同通道二液速条件下通道四液速对雾化的影响

Fig.3 Velocity influence of channel 4 on atomization under different u2l

图4 不同通道三气速条件下通道四液速对雾化的影响

Fig.4 Velocity influence of channel 4 on atomization under different u3g

图5 气量在通道一、三分配比对雾化效果的影响[图中黑线为式(1)拟合曲线]

Fig.5 The effect of gas distribution ratio of channel 1 and channel 3 on atomization results(The line in the fig is the fitting results of Eq.(1))

图6 液量在通道二、四分配比对雾化效果的影响

Fig.6 The effect of liquid distribution ratio of channel 2 and channel 4 on atomization results

图7 液膜厚度对雾化效果的影响

Fig.7 The effect of liquid film thickness on atomization results

图8 典型工况下的雾化粒径分布

Fig.8 Atomized particle size distribution under typical working conditions

图9 D32计算结果与实验结果的比较

Fig.9 Comparison of calculated results and experimental results of D32

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